{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:36:04Z","timestamp":1760189764029},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oulu including Oulu University Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The goal was to study the effects of early cervical headgear treatment on maxillary and mandibular dental arch area, shape and interarch dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The total study group comprised 67\u00a0children aged 7.6\u00a0years (standard deviation 0.3) with Angle class\u00a0II malocclusion collected between 1992 and 1996. The children were randomly divided into two groups of equal size. In the first group, cervical headgear treatment was started immediately and undertaken for 2\u00a0years. The remaining patients served as untreated controls. Dental casts were taken and scanned at the beginning of treatment (T0) and at the 2\u2011year (T1) and 4\u2011year follow-up (T2). Three-dimensional landmarks describing the positions of maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, first and second premolars and first molars were used to calculate and visualize the maxillary and mandibular dental arch area and shape using the polynomial equation <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\u202f<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u2009<jats:italic>Ax<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\u202f<jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\u2009<jats:italic>Bx<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Significant changes in the shape and area of both maxillary and mandibular dental arches were induced with cervical headgear. The headgear increased dental arch area, sagittal dimensions at the mid-sagittal line and transversal dimensions at all of the measured levels in both dental arches compared to the control group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cervical headgear is an effective treatment device to gain space in both dental arches. Furthermore, when used as an early phase treatment, relapse is relatively small compared to the gained space.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00264-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1607004166000},"page":"153-162","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of cervical headgear on dental arch area, shape and interarch dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Toni","family":"Heino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heta","family":"Kokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Vuollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pertti","family":"Pirttiniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"264_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2013.43.2.101","volume":"43","author":"AS Burhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burhan\u00a0AS (2013) Combined treatment with headgear and the Frog appliance for maxillary molar distalization: a\u00a0randomized controlled trial. Korean J Orthod 43(2):101\u2013109","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"264_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-008-0641-9","volume":"69","author":"A Godt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Godt\u00a0A, Berneburg\u00a0M, Kalwitzki\u00a0M, Goz\u00a0G (2008) Cephalometric analysis of molar and anterior tooth movement during cervical headgear treatment in relation to growth patterns. J\u00a0Orofac Orthop 69(3):189\u2013200","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"264_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2001.040204.x","volume":"4","author":"JL McDonald","year":"2001","unstructured":"McDonald\u00a0JL, Shofer\u00a0FS, Ghafari\u00a0J (2001) Effect of molar rotation on arch length. Clin Orthod Res 4(2):79\u201385","journal-title":"Clin Orthod Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"264_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn039","volume":"30","author":"MR Freitas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Freitas\u00a0MR, Lima\u00a0DV, Freitas\u00a0KM, Janson\u00a0G, Henriques\u00a0JF (2008) Cephalometric evaluation of Class II malocclusion treatment with cervical headgear and mandibular fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod 30(5):477\u2013482","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"264_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70303-2","volume":"111","author":"M Kirjavainen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kirjavainen\u00a0M, Kirjavainen\u00a0T, Haavikko\u00a0K (1997) Changes in dental arch dimensions by use of an orthopedic cervical headgear in Class II correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 111(1):59\u201366","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"264_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.1.59","volume":"26","author":"R Mantysaari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mantysaari\u00a0R, Kantomaa\u00a0T, Pirttiniemi\u00a0P, Pykalainen\u00a0A (2004) The effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology: a\u00a0report of a\u00a02-year randomized study. Eur J Orthod 26(1):59\u201364","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"264_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70277-X","volume":"113","author":"JF Tulloch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tulloch\u00a0JF, Phillips\u00a0C, Proffit\u00a0WR (1998) Benefit of early Class II treatment: progress report of a\u00a0two-phase randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 113(1):62\u201372","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"264_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.06.015","volume":"146","author":"N Shpack","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shpack\u00a0N, Brosh\u00a0T, Mazor\u00a0Y, Shapinko\u00a0Y, Davidovitch\u00a0M, Sarig\u00a0R et al (2014) Long- and short-term effects of headgear traction with and without the maxillary second molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 146(4):467\u2013476","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"264_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji025","volume":"27","author":"P Pirttiniemi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pirttiniemi\u00a0P, Kantomaa\u00a0T, Mantysaari\u00a0R, Pykalainen\u00a0A, Krusinskiene\u00a0V, Laitala\u00a0T et al (2005) The effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology: an 8\u2011year report of a\u00a0randomized study. Eur J Orthod 27(5):429\u2013436","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"264_CR10","first-page":"386","volume":"71","author":"H Noroozi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noroozi\u00a0H, Nik\u00a0TH, Saeeda\u00a0R (2001) The dental arch form revisited. Angle Orthod 71(5):386\u2013389","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"264_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2319\/082018-612.1","volume":"89","author":"J Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\u00a0J, Baumrind\u00a0S, Curry\u00a0S, Carlson\u00a0SK, Boyd\u00a0RL, Oh\u00a0H (2019) Reliability of 3D dental and skeletal landmarks on CBCT images. Angle Orthod 89(5):758\u2013767","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"264_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2017.1344811","volume":"36","author":"H Kiviahde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiviahde\u00a0H, Bukovac\u00a0L, Jussila\u00a0P, Pesonen\u00a0P, Sipil\u00e4\u00a0K, Raustia\u00a0A, Pirttiniemi\u00a0P (2018) Inter-arch digital model vs. manual cast measurements: accuracy and reliability. Cranio 36(4):222\u2013227","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"1","key":"264_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70275-6","volume":"113","author":"SD Keeling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Keeling\u00a0SD, Wheeler\u00a0TT, King\u00a0GJ, Garvan\u00a0CW, Cohen\u00a0DA, Cabassa\u00a0S et\u00a0al (1998) Anteroposterior skeletal and dental changes after early Class II treatment with bionators and headgear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 113(1):40\u201350","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"264_CR14","first-page":"439","volume":"74","author":"FA Fenderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fenderson\u00a0FA, McNamara\u00a0JA Jr, Baccetti\u00a0T, Veith\u00a0CJ (2004) A long-term study on the expansion effects of the cervical-pull facebow with and without rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod 74(4):439\u2013449","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"264_CR15","first-page":"87","volume":"60","author":"GJ King","year":"1990","unstructured":"King\u00a0GJ, Keeling\u00a0SD, Hocevar\u00a0RA, Wheeler\u00a0TT (1990) The timing of treatment for Class\u00a0II malocclusions in children: a\u00a0literature review. Angle Orthod 60(2):87\u201397","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"264_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.02.008","volume":"125","author":"JF Tulloch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tulloch\u00a0JF, Proffit\u00a0WR, Phillips\u00a0C (2004) Outcomes in a\u00a02-phase randomized clinical trial of early Class\u00a0II treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 125(6):657\u2013667","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"264_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy083","volume":"41","author":"J Julku","year":"2019","unstructured":"Julku\u00a0J, Hannula\u00a0M, Piril\u00e4-Parkkinen\u00a0K, Tolvanen\u00a0M, Pirttiniemi\u00a0P (2019) Dental arch effects after early and later timed cervical headgear treatment\u2014a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 41(6):622\u2013630","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"264_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-013-0145-0","volume":"74","author":"J Hoffmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoffmann\u00a0J, Krey\u00a0KF, Hirsch\u00a0C (2013) Pubertal status of children and adolescents during orthodontic treatment. J\u00a0Orofac Orthoped 74(3):257\u2013264","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthoped"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics \/ Fortschritte der Kieferorthop\u00e4die"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00264-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00264-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00264-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T13:04:48Z","timestamp":1619442288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00264-0"}},"subtitle":["A\u00a0randomized study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00264-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-5293","1615-6714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-5293","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-6714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical guidelines"}},{"value":"T.\u00a0Heino, H.\u00a0Kokko, V.\u00a0Vuollo and P.\u00a0Pirttiniemi declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethics committee approval was not required for the type of study that was initiated in 1992. The law of ethics committees in Finland was given in 1999, after which the ethics committee approval became mandatory. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents of all patients in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}