{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:52:43Z","timestamp":1789102363401,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aims of this retrospective cross-sectional study were to measure and compare labial and palatal alveolar bone heights of maxillary central incisors in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, following STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study group consisted of 21\u00a0patients with a\u00a0mean age of 16\u00a0years. High-resolution cone-beam computed tomography was performed at least one year after secondary alveolar bone grafting. The experimental side was the cleft side and the contralateral side without congenital cleft was the control. Measurements were performed on incisors\u2019 midsagittal cross-sections. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for intergroup comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The labial and palatal distances between alveolar bone crests and cementoenamel junctions were significantly greater on the cleft side than on the noncleft side. Mean differences were 0.75 and 1.41\u202fmm, respectively. The prevalence of dehiscences at the cleft side maxillary central incisors was 52% on the labial surface and 43% on the palatal surface. In the controls, it was 19% and 14%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The cleft-adjacent maxillary central incisors had more apically displaced alveolar bone crests on the labial and palatal sides of the roots than the controls. Higher prevalence of dehiscences was found on the cleft side. Bone margin differences predispose to gingival height differences of the central incisors. These differences could increase the demands of patients to obtain more esthetic treatment results with orthodontic extrusion and periodontal intervention on the cleft side.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00276-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T15:19:59Z","timestamp":1612538399000},"page":"198-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Alveolar bone heights of maxillary central incisors in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients using cone-beam computed tomography evaluation","Bestimmung der Alveolarknochenh\u00f6hen der oberen zentralen Inzisiven bei einseitiger Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte mittels digitaler Volumentomographie"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5112-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Stasiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wojtaszek-S\u0142omi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3709-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogna","family":"Racka-Pilszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"276_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318109103425","volume":"15","author":"FE Abyholm","year":"1981","unstructured":"Abyholm\u00a0FE, Bergland\u00a0O, Semb\u00a0G (1981) Secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts. A surgical\/orthodontic treatment enabling a\u00a0non-prosthodontic rehabilitation in cleft lip and palate patients. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 15:127\u2013140","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"276_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.025","volume":"134","author":"JW Ballrick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ballrick\u00a0JW, Palomo\u00a0JM, Ruch\u00a0E, Amberman\u00a0BD, Hans\u00a0MG (2008) Image distortion and spatial resolution of a\u00a0commercially available cone-beam computed tomography machine. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 134:573\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.11.025","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"276_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-03044-2","volume":"24","author":"TN Bartzela","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bartzela\u00a0TN, Mang de la Rosa\u00a0MR, Wolf\u00a0K, Schmidt\u00a0A, Opitz\u00a0C (2020) Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Clin Oral Investig 24:1807\u20131819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-019-03044-2","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"276_CR4","first-page":"87","volume":"30","author":"PJ Boyne","year":"1972","unstructured":"Boyne\u00a0PJ, Sands\u00a0NR (1972) Secondary bone grafting of residual alveolar and palatal clefts. J\u00a0Oral Surg 30:87\u201392","journal-title":"J Oral Surg"},{"key":"276_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2319\/042715-289.1","volume":"86","author":"SK Buyuk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buyuk\u00a0SK, Ercan\u00a0E, Celikoglu\u00a0M, Sekerci\u00a0AE, Hatipoglu\u00a0M (2016) Evaluation of dehiscence and fenestration in adolescent patients affected by unilateral cleft lip and palate: a\u00a0retrospective cone beam computed tomography study. Angle Orthod 86:431\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/042715-289.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"276_CR6","first-page":"372","volume-title":"Periodontologia wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna","author":"E Dembowska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dembowska\u00a0E (2013) Recesje dzi\u0105se\u0142 i ich leczenie. In: G\u00f3rska\u00a0R, Konopka\u00a0T (eds) Periodontologia wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna, 1st\u00a0edn. Med Tour Press International, Otwock, pp\u00a0372\u2013420","edition":"1"},{"key":"276_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm\u00a0E, Altman\u00a0DG, Egger\u00a0M, Pocock\u00a0SJ, G\u00f8tzsche\u00a0PC, Vandenbroucke\u00a0JP et\u00a0al (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 370:1453\u20131457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"276_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2319\/092614-691.1","volume":"85","author":"E Ercan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ercan\u00a0E, Celikoglu\u00a0M, Buyuk\u00a0SK, Sekerci\u00a0AE (2015) Assessment of the alveolar bone support of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a\u00a0cone-beam computed tomography study. Angle Orthod 85:1003\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/092614\u2013691.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"276_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1597\/06-047.1","volume":"44","author":"M Feichtinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feichtinger\u00a0M, Mossb\u00f6ck\u00a0R, K\u00e4rcher\u00a0H (2007) Assessment of bone resorption after secondary alveolar bone grafting using three-dimensional computed tomography: a\u00a0three-year study. Cleft Palate Craniofac\u00a0J 44:142\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/06-047.1","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"276_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01658.x","volume":"38","author":"S Fickl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fickl\u00a0S, Kebschull\u00a0M, Schupbach\u00a0P, Zuhr\u00a0O, Schlagenhauf\u00a0U, Hurzeler\u00a0MB (2011) Bone loss after full-thickness and partial-thickness flap elevation. J\u00a0Clin Periodontol 38:157\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01658.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"276_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1961.32.3.261","volume":"32","author":"AW Gargiulo","year":"1961","unstructured":"Gargiulo\u00a0AW, Wentz\u00a0FM, Orban\u00a0B (1961) Dimensions and relations of the dentogingival junction in humans. J\u00a0Periodontol 32:261\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1961.32.3.261","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"276_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.11.019","volume":"151","author":"D Garib","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garib\u00a0D, Massaro\u00a0C, Yatabe\u00a0M, Janson\u00a0G, Lauris\u00a0JRP (2017) Mesial and distal alveolar bone morphology in maxillary canines moved into the grafted alveolar cleft: computed tomography evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 151:869\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.11.019","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"276_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.1999.tb00414.x","volume":"11","author":"VOJ Kokich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kokich\u00a0VOJ, Kiyak\u00a0HA, Shapiro\u00a0PA (1999) Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J\u00a0Esthet Dent 11:311\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1708-8240.1999.tb00414.x","journal-title":"J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"276_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.07.013","volume":"137","author":"CC Leung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leung\u00a0CC, Palomo\u00a0L, Griffith\u00a0R, Hans\u00a0MG (2010) Accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography for measuring alveolar bone height and detecting bony dehiscences and fenestrations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 137:109\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.07.013","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"276_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1597\/14-143","volume":"53","author":"BW Linderup","year":"2016","unstructured":"Linderup\u00a0BW, Cattaneo\u00a0PM, Jensen\u00a0J, K\u00fcseler\u00a0A (2016) Mandibular symphyseal bone graft for reconstruction of alveolar cleft defects: volumetric assessment with cone beam computed tomography 1\u2011year postsurgery. Cleft Palate Craniofac\u00a0J 53:64\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1597\/14-143","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"276_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2141-z","volume":"22","author":"F Mangione","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mangione\u00a0F, Nguyen\u00a0L, Foumou\u00a0N, Bocquet\u00a0E, Dursun\u00a0E (2018) Cleft palate with\/without cleft lip in French children: radiographic evaluation of prevalence, location and coexistence of dental anomalies inside and outside cleft region. Clin Oral Investig 22:689\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-017-2141-z","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"276_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.01.015","volume":"137","author":"AD Molen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Molen\u00a0AD (2010) Considerations in the use of cone-beam computed tomography for buccal bone measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 137:130\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.01.015","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"276_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.11.002","volume":"69","author":"TS Oh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oh\u00a0TS, Park\u00a0JS, Choi\u00a0JW, Kwon\u00a0SM, Koh\u00a0KS (2016) Risk factor analysis of bone resorption following secondary alveolar bone grafting using three-dimensional computed tomography. J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 69:487\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2015.11.002","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"276_CR19","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Rozszczepy wargi i podniebienia","author":"J Penkala","year":"2007","unstructured":"Penkala\u00a0J (2007) Zespo\u0142owe leczenie rozszczep\u00f3w. In: Matthews-Brzozowska\u00a0T (ed) Rozszczepy wargi i podniebienia, 1st\u00a0edn. Akademia Medyczna im. Piast\u00f3w \u015al\u0105skich we Wroc\u0142awiu, Wroc\u0142aw, pp 47\u201349","edition":"1"},{"key":"276_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2003.00390.x","volume":"30","author":"GE Salvi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Salvi\u00a0GE, Br\u00e4gger\u00a0U, Lang\u00a0NP (2003) Periodontal attachment loss over 14\u00a0years in cleft lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP, CL, CP) subjects not enrolled in a\u00a0supportive periodontal therapy program. J\u00a0Clin Periodontol 30:840\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2003.00390.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"276_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.01.013","volume":"47","author":"M Stasiak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stasiak\u00a0M, Wojtaszek-S\u0142omi\u0144ska\u00a0A, Racka-Pilszak\u00a0B (2019) Current methods for secondary alveolar bone grafting assessment in cleft lip and palate patients\u2014a\u00a0systematic review. J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg 47:578\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.01.013","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"276_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03505-z","author":"M Stasiak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stasiak\u00a0M, Wojtaszek-S\u0142omi\u0144ska\u00a0A, Racka-Pilszak\u00a0B (2020) A novel method for alveolar bone grafting assessment in cleft lip and palate patients: cone-beam computed tomography evaluation. Clin Oral Investig. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-020-03505-z","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"276_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-019-0259-z","volume":"20","author":"L Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun\u00a0L, Yuan\u00a0L, Wang\u00a0B, Zhang\u00a0L, Shen\u00a0G, Fang\u00a0B (2019) Changes of alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestration after augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment: a\u00a0CBCT evaluation. Prog Orthod 20:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40510-019-0259-z","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"276_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.08.016","volume":"139","author":"Z Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun\u00a0Z, Smith\u00a0T, Kortam\u00a0S, Kim\u00a0D\u2011G, Tee\u00a0BC, Fields\u00a0H (2011) Effect of bone thickness on alveolar bone-height measurements from cone-beam computed tomography images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 139:117\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.08.016","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"276_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt105","volume":"36","author":"A Suomalainen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suomalainen\u00a0A, \u00c5berg\u00a0T, Rautio\u00a0J, Hurmerinta\u00a0K (2014) Cone beam computed tomography in the assessment of alveolar bone grafting in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Eur J Orthod 36:603\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjt105","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"276_CR26","first-page":"36","volume":"96","author":"T Wangsrimongkol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wangsrimongkol\u00a0T, Manosudprasit\u00a0M, Pisek\u00a0P, Sutthiprapaporn\u00a0P, Somsuk\u00a0T (2013) Alveolar bone graft evaluation agreement using cone beam computed tomography in cleft lip and palate patients: a\u00a0pilot study. J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai 96:36\u201343","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"276_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.01.029","volume":"152","author":"M Yatabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yatabe\u00a0M, Natsumeda\u00a0GM, Miranda\u00a0F, Janson\u00a0G, Garib\u00a0D (2017) Alveolar bone morphology of maxillary central incisors near grafted alveolar clefts after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 152:501\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.01.029","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"276_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.10.027","volume":"147","author":"MS Yatabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yatabe\u00a0MS, Ozawa\u00a0TO, Janson\u00a0G, de Souza Faco\u00a0RA, Garib\u00a0DG (2015) Are there bone dehiscences in maxillary canines orthodontically moved into the grafted alveolar cleft? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 147:205\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.10.027","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"276_CR29","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Zarys wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej ortodoncji","author":"Z Ziemba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ziemba\u00a0Z, Kar\u0142owska\u00a0I (2016) Rozszczepy szcz\u0119ki. In: Kar\u0142owska\u00a0I (ed) Zarys wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej ortodoncji, 4th\u00a0edn. Wydawnictwo Lekarske PZWL, Warsaw, pp\u00a0357\u2013365","edition":"4"},{"key":"276_CR30","unstructured":"EUROCAT (2020) Prevalence charts and tables. https:\/\/eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/eurocat\/eurocat-data\/prevalence_en. Accessed 13 Sept 2020"},{"key":"276_CR31","unstructured":"(2012) Radiation protection. Cone beam CT for dental and maxillofacial radiology. Evidence-based guidelines. http:\/\/www.sedentexct.eu\/files\/radiation_protection_172.pdf. Accessed 13 Sept 2020"},{"key":"276_CR32","unstructured":"U.S.NRC (2020) 10 CFR part 20\u2014standards for protection against radiation. https:\/\/www.nrc.gov\/reading-rm\/doc-collections\/cfr\/part020\/full-text.html. Accessed 13 Sept 2020"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics \/ Fortschritte der Kieferorthop\u00e4die"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00276-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00276-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00276-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1619442265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00276-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-020-00276-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-5293","1615-6714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-5293","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-6714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical guidelines"}},{"value":"M.\u00a0Stasiak, A.\u00a0Wojtaszek-S\u0142omi\u0144ska and B.\u00a0Racka-Pilszak declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes. The study was performed in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Ethics Committee of Medical University of Gda\u0144sk approved this study (16\u00a0October 2017\/No. NKBBN\/311\/2017). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from the patients in the study or their parents\/legally authorized representatives [LAR] in the case of children under\u00a018.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}