{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:47:51Z","timestamp":1790246871779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We aimed to comprehensively analyse a\u00a0possible correlation between skeletal malocclusions, gender and mandibular characteristics in all three dimensions in adults and to identify mandibular characteristics that are typical for extreme skeletal patterns.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A\u00a03D model of the skull was calculated in 111 adult patients (mean age\u202f=\u200927.0\u202f\u00b1\u200910.2\u00a0years; 49\u00a0women, 62\u00a0men) from available computed tomography or cone beam computed tomography scans of their heads. Based on the 3D models, the skeletal patterns were examined in (a)\u00a0the transversal dimension regarding asymmetry according to menton deviation, (b)\u00a0the sagittal dimension according to the Wits appraisal and (c)\u00a0the vertical dimension according to the maxillomandibular plane angle. The mandibular characteristics assessed were linear (ramus height and width, body length), angular (ramus, gonial and body angle) and volumetric (ramus\/mandibular volume, body\/mandibular volume) parameters.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>No correlation between transversal skeletal asymmetry and mandibular characteristics were found, while sagittal (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(16, 174)\u202f=\u20093.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u202f=\u20090.23) and vertical (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(16, 174)\u202f=\u20093.18, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.001, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u202f=\u20090.23) skeletal patterns were shown to have a\u00a0significant effect on the mandible. Gender correlated with mandibular characteristics independently from the skeletal pattern. Discriminant analysis revealed that class\u00a0II and\u00a0III patients differed in ramus and body angle with class\u00a0II patients showing higher angles (ramus angle: class II\u202f=\u200989.8\u202f\u00b1\u20093.9\u00b0 vs. class III\u202f=\u200984.4\u202f\u00b1\u20094.8\u00b0; body angle: class II\u202f=\u200987.7\u202f\u00b1\u20094.8\u00b0 vs. class III\u202f=\u200982.1\u202f\u00b1\u20095.2\u00b0). Hypo- and hyperdivergent patients were discriminated by gonial angle, body angle and body\/mandibular volume with hyperdivergent patients having a\u00a0greater gonial and body angle and body\/mandibular volume (gonial angle: hypodivergent\u202f=\u2009114\u202f\u00b1\u20099.3\u00b0 vs. hyperdivergent\u202f=\u2009126.4\u202f\u00b1\u20098.6\u00b0; body angle: hypodivergent\u202f=\u200982.9\u202f\u00b1\u20094.4\u00b0 vs. hyperdivergent\u202f=\u200987.7\u202f\u00b1\u20096.5\u00b0; body\/mandibular volume: hypodivergent\u202f=\u200972.4\u202f\u00b1\u20092.7% vs. hyperdivergent\u202f=\u200976.2\u202f\u00b1\u20092.6%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>When analysing 3D data for treatment planning of adult patients, the orthodontist should pay attention to angular and volumetric characteristics of the mandible to identify extreme skeletal sagittal or vertical malocclusions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-022-00419-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1661508167000},"page":"134-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Three-dimensional mandibular characteristics in skeletal malocclusion","Dreidimensionale Charakteristika der Mandibula bei skelettalen Malokklusionen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Carolin","family":"Olbrisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Santander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Klenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Meyer-Marcotty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Quast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"419_CR1","volume-title":"Handbook of orthodontics for the student and general practitioner","author":"RE Moyers","year":"1973","unstructured":"Moyers\u00a0RE (1973) Handbook of orthodontics for the student and general practitioner. 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