{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:13:20Z","timestamp":1786979600393,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005296","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Regensburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to compare the malocclusion indices KIG (Kieferorthop\u00e4dische Indikationsgruppen, Orthodontic Indication Groups), ICON (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need), and mIOTN (modified Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) regarding differences in malocclusion prevalence and their assessment of orthodontic treatment need in German 8\u2011 to 9\u2011year-old children of the Sixth German Oral Health Study (Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudie, DMS\u00a06).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The necessary data for the calculation of the KIG, mIOTN, and ICON were collected by a\u00a0dentist as part of a\u00a0clinical orthodontic examination during the field phase of the DMS\u00a06 and by a\u00a0subsequent digital orthodontic model\u2013analytical evaluation of intraoral scans of the dental arches and the occlusal situation in habitual occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence, severity, and treatment need of tooth and jaw misalignments differed in part considerably depending on the index used for assessment. On the other hand, there were several outcomes which yielded quite similar results for the different indices used, such as orthodontic treatment need, which ranged from 40.4% (KIG) over 41.6% (ICON) to 44.2% (mIOTN). Interestingly, orthodontic treatment need for the individual subject could differ considerably, when assessed using different indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, the results show that the mIOTN is much more conservative in assessing malocclusion prevalences often being smaller than those derived by KIG or ICON. In contrast, KIG and ICON often yield similar prevalences with certain distinct differences due to discrepancies in the respective definitions and also clearly differentiate between treatment possibility and arbitrarily determined treatment need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-023-00446-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T15:47:31Z","timestamp":1675266451000},"page":"26-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion prevalence according to KIG, ICON, and mIOTN in German 8- to 9-year-old children of the Sixth German Oral Health Study (DMS\u00a06)","Vergleich des kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Behandlungsbedarfs und der Pr\u00e4valenz von Malokklusionen nach KIG, ICON und mIOTN bei deutschen 8- bis 9-j\u00e4hrigen Kindern der Sechsten Deutschen Mundgesundheitsstudie (DMS\u00a06)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Kirschneck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Kuhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Ohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Frenzel Baudisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas Rainer","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"446_CR1","unstructured":"(2003) Richtlinien des Bundesausschusses der Zahn\u00e4rzte und Krankenkassen f\u00fcr die kieferorthop\u00e4dische Behandlung in der Fassung vom 04. 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K.\u00a0Kuhr, C.\u00a0Ohm, N.\u00a0Frenzel Baudisch and A.R.\u00a0Jordan declare that they have no financial or nonfinancial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee at Witten\/Herdecke University assessed the study in advance from an ethical perspective and approved it (No. 113\/2020). The study was begun only after a\u00a0favorable assessment had been received from the competent ethics committee. <i>Consent to participate:<\/i> Written informed consent was obtained from the patients or their parents\/legally authorized representatives (LAR) in the case of children under\u00a018.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}