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As lingual brackets were shown to exhibit reduced WSL formation clinically, the aim of this in situ study was to compare initial intraoral biofilm formation and acidification on bracket-like specimens placed buccally and palatally in the upper jaw as a\u00a0possible cause for this observation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intraoral biofilm was collected from splints equipped with buccally and palatally exposed test specimens, which were worn by 12\u00a0volunteers for a\u00a0total of 48\u202fh. The test specimens consisted of standard bracket material cylinders on top of a\u00a0hydroxyapatite disc to represent the bracket\/tooth interface. They were analyzed for three-dimensional biofilm volume and live\/dead distribution by fluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as for acidification by fluorescence-based pH ratiometry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Similar general biofilm morphology with regard to volume and viability could be detected for buccally and palatally exposed specimens. For pH values, biofilms from both positions showed increased acidification at the bottom layer. Interestingly, the pH value at the top layers of the biofilms was slightly lower on palatally than on buccally exposed specimens, which may likely be due to anatomic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Based on the results of this study, initial intraoral biofilm formation and acidification is almost similar on the bracket material\/biomimetic tooth interface when placed buccally or palatally in the upper jaw. As lingual brackets were shown to exhibit reduced WSL formation clinically, future studies should investigate further factors like bracket geometry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00515-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T18:04:53Z","timestamp":1708970693000},"page":"259-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biofilm volume and acidification within initial biofilms formed in situ on buccally and palatally exposed bracket material","Biofilmvolumen und Azidifizierung in den ersten in situ auf bukkal und palatinal exponiertem Bracketmaterial gebildeten Biofilmen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Micha Frederic","family":"Loewe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Doll-Nikutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Stiesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Schwestka-Polly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517707512","volume":"96","author":"M Agnello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agnello\u00a0M, Cen\u00a0L, Tran\u00a0NC, Shi\u00a0W, McLean\u00a0JS, He\u00a0X (2017) Arginine improves pH homeostasis via metabolism and microbiome modulation. 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