{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:25:54Z","timestamp":1791462354007,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Germany, the reimbursement of orthodontic treatment costs within the framework of the statutory health insurance (GKV) was restricted on 01\u00a0January\u00a02002 by the introduction of the orthodontic indication groups (KIG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of findings requiring treatment in a\u00a0specialist practice over a\u00a020-year period. The results were then compared with data from existing older studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The distribution of treatment-eligible KIG (KIG classifications grades 3\u20135) among patients with statutory health insurance in an orthodontic practice in North Rhine was determined over a\u00a020-year period (2002\u20132021) after the introduction of the KIG system. This period was additionally scrutinized in four 5\u2011year periods according to the operating cycles of the practice. Findings were classified into the highest of 19 possible KIG treatment needs levels. Multiple classifications were not made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontic treatment was indicated in a total of\u00a04537 (2393\u202ffemale, 2144\u202fmale) patients according to current statutory health insurance guidelines. The KIG classification \u201cD\u201d (increased overjet) was the most frequent within the observed 20\u00a0years with 24.3%. Among 11 KIG classifications, 86.1% of the 6 most frequent and 13.9% of the 5 rarest findings were observed constantly over all periods. Of 19 possible indications, \u201cD4\u201d was the most frequent with 19.6%. Of 4537 patients, 20.7% had KIG grade\u00a03, 63.6% KIG grade\u00a04 and 15.7% KIG grade\u00a05. The prevalence of sagittal deviations \u201cD\u201d and \u201cM\u201d was 35.0%, transverse \u201cB\u201d and \u201cK\u201d 17.9% and vertical \u201cO\u201d and \u201cT\u201d 3.7%. Tooth position anomalies \u201cE\u201d and \u201cP\u201d had a\u00a0share of 24.6%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study confirms existing findings as well as the nationwide data of the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Dentists (KZBV) from 2020: The sagittal deviations \u201cD\u201d (increased overjet) and \u201cM\u201d (negative overjet) represented the most frequent findings with KIG D4 as the most common classification. The prevalence and age distribution of KIG grades 3\u20135 requiring treatment corresponded to nationwide comparative data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00518-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T13:15:05Z","timestamp":1709817305000},"page":"374-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of malocclusions requiring treatment according to the KIG classification","Pr\u00e4valenz behandlungsbed\u00fcrftiger Zahnfehlstellungen nach der KIG-Klassifikation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3780-4084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gero Stefan Michael","family":"Kinzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8692-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hourfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1602-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg Alexander","family":"Lisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"518_CR1","volume-title":"Die kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Indikationsgruppen","author":"P Schopf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schopf\u00a0P (2001) Die kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Indikationsgruppen, 2nd\u00a0edn. 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All studies mentioned were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case. Ethical approval for this retrospective and anonymized study is not necessary according to the statues of the Saarland Ethical committee.\n                      Informed consent:\n                      For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}