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First and second permanent and primary upper and lower molars (from left and right sides) were assessed. Teeth with cavitated dental caries, occlusal wear, restorations and obvious dental deformities were not evaluated. The NDCT for permanent molars were identified and scored according to the odontoscopic system developed by Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). The NDCT for primary molars were identified and scored according to ASUDAS, Hanihara\u2019s method and Sciulli\u2019s method. The \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test was used to investigate side preference and sexual dimorphism at a\u00a0significance level of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f\u2264\u20090.050.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A\u00a0total of 163 orthodontic patients (82\u00a0males and 81\u00a0females) aged 8\u201314\u00a0years were included. A\u00a0sexual dimorphism was observed for the hypocone in first upper permanent molar (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.041). The protostylid was observed in lower permanent molars (range 2.1\u201310%). Males presented more hypoconulid than females (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.019). Only females presented the distal trigonid crest in lower first permanent molars (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.002). The most common groove pattern in primary molars was\u00a0Y; male presented more Y\u00a0grade than females in the lower second primary molar (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.039). Asymmetry was observed in some traits, ranging from 0 to 100%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present study showed the frequency of NDCT of molars in German orthodontic patients and demonstrated that some traits present sexual dimorphism.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00532-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T10:02:11Z","timestamp":1717668131000},"page":"298-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Frequency and variability of nonmetric dental crown traits of primary and permanent molars in a\u00a0group of orthodontic patients","H\u00e4ufigkeit und Variabilit\u00e4t nicht metrischer Kronenmerkmale von prim\u00e4ren und permanenten Molaren in einer kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Patientengruppe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Ariane Beatriz","family":"Blancato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Paddenberg-Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Proff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Hueb de Menezes-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"Beisel-Memmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flares","family":"Baratto-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Lippold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kirschneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Calvano K\u00fcchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Penazzo","family":"Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"532_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03437-8","volume":"25","author":"AS Cunha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cunha\u00a0AS, Dos\u00a0SLV, Mara\u00f1\u00f3n-V\u00e1squez\u00a0GA, Kirschneck\u00a0C, Gerber\u00a0JT, Stuani\u00a0MB, Matsumoto\u00a0MAN, Vieira\u00a0AR, Scariot\u00a0R, K\u00fcchler\u00a0EC (2020) Genetic variants in tooth agenesis-related genes might be also involved in tooth size variations. 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This project was performed according to the Helsinki Declaration. The guideline STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) was followed for this study. Informed consent: All included subjects and\/or their legal guardians signed the informed consent prior to the inclusion in the study. Age-appropriate assent documents were also used for individuals younger than 14\u00a0years.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}