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In addition, cells were cultured under control conditions and osteogenic conditions (media containing 10\u202fmM\u00a0\u03b2-glycerophosphate). Quantitative expression analysis of genes encoding the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (<jats:italic>ALP<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>, collagen type\u00a0I alpha\u00a01 chain (<jats:italic>COL1A1<\/jats:italic>), osteoprotegerin (<jats:italic>OPG<\/jats:italic>), and osteopontin (<jats:italic>OPN<\/jats:italic>) was performed after 7 and 14\u00a0days of cultivation. Calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our studies showed that 10\u202fng\/ml TNF did not affect the survival and metabolic activity of PDL cells. Quantitative expression analysis revealed that long-term cultures with TNF impaired osteogenic cell fate at early and late developmental stages. Furthermore, TNF significantly reduced matrix secretion in PDL cells.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present data confirm TNF as a\u00a0regulatory factor of proinflammatory remodeling that influences the differentiation behavior but not the metabolism and cell proliferation of the periodontium. Therefore, TNF represents an interesting target for the regulation of orthodontic remodeling processes in the periodontium.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00541-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T09:40:09Z","timestamp":1722591609000},"page":"12-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["TNF reduces osteogenic cell fate in PDL cells at transcriptional and functional levels without alteration of periodontal proliferative capacity","TNF verringert die osteogene Differenzierung von PDL-Fibroblasten auf transkriptioneller und funktioneller Ebene ohne Ver\u00e4nderung der parodontalen Proliferationskapazit\u00e4t"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Knaup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Kramann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha-Julia","family":"Sasula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Bastos Craveiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Niederau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Coenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Neuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejwf.2023.05.001","volume":"12","author":"JC Maltha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maltha\u00a0JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman\u00a0AM (2023) Mechanobiology of orthodontic tooth movement: An update. 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