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The purpose of the present retrospective case\u2013control study was to analyze the amount and direction of unwanted tooth movements despite lower bonded retainers, to analyze possible predisposing pretreatment- and treatment-related factors, and to seek for movement thresholds which could enhance the rapid and objective identification of critical cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plaster casts of 1026 patients who completed orthodontic treatment and a\u00a0subsequent retention phase of 2\u00a0years were screened for unintentional tooth movements. The study group comprised 39\u00a0patients with tooth movements in the lower jaw, while 39\u00a0randomly selected patients without visible tooth movements served as the control group. For all patients, plaster casts after debonding of multibracket appliances (T1) and after supervised retention (T2) were digitized, and a\u00a0three-dimensional (3D) digital superimposition based on the best fit of premolars and molars was undertaken. Thereafter, translational as well as rotational movements were measured in all three planes of space. Pretreatment- and treatment-related factors of the study and control groups were compared. A\u00a0severity classification based on rotational movement thresholds was applied to seek a\u00a0critical amount of translational movements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean translational movements ranged between 0 and 0.4\u202fmm and the average rotational movements between 0 and 1.6\u00b0. Large individual movements up to 1.9\u202fmm translation and 16\u00b0 rotation were seen. A\u00a0twist-effect with opposite movements of the canines along the Y\u2011axis could be confirmed. Compared to the control group, patients of the study group had a\u00a0smaller intercanine distance at all timepoints. In addition, study group patients presented a\u00a0slightly larger intercanine expansion during treatment and were more often affected by retainer bonding site detachments. Applying the severity classification based on rotational thresholds, translational movements of 0.5\u20131.0\u202fmm along the X\u2011 and Y\u2011axis could serve as a\u00a0critical threshold. It can be assumed that extrusive translational movements along the Z\u2011axis seem to be of specific nature and perhaps do not reflect a\u00a0retainer complication in terms of unwanted tooth movements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with a\u00a0larger intercanine distance after active treatment and those with more frequent retainer bonding site detachments could be at higher risk for unwanted tooth movements during fixed retention. Sagittal and transverse movements of 0.5\u20131.0\u202fmm should sensitize the practitioner for further measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00546-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T20:15:25Z","timestamp":1724444125000},"page":"111-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part\u00a0II\u2014lower jaw","Dreidimensionale Analyse posttherapeutischer Zahnbewegungen trotz festsitzender Retainer: Teil\u00a0II\u00a0\u2013 Unterkiefer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Klaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kleinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"546_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-014-0239-3","volume":"75","author":"SN Arnold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arnold\u00a0SN, Pandis\u00a0N, Patcas\u00a0R (2014) Factors influencing fixed retention practices in German-speaking Switzerland: a\u00a0survey. 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The study was approved by the Ethics committee of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany (ref. no. 71\/18). All presented findings belong to retrospective data. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}