{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:59:14Z","timestamp":1792202354805,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with statutory health insurance (SHI) in Germany must undergo an assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the \u201cKieferorthop\u00e4dische Indikationsgruppen\u201d (KIG; orthodontic indication groups) classification system since 2002. A\u00a0treatment need only exists if anomalies of a\u00a0certain degree of severity are present. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent prevalence and percentage distribution of KIG grades requiring treatment in patients with SHI before the age of 18\u00a0over a\u00a010-year period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2012 and 2021, treatment indication existed for 1951 (1025\u00a0female, 926\u00a0male) out of 2288 patients with SHI in the cohort of this study before the age of 18\u00a0according to current SHI guidelines. The KIG classification was based on the highest existing KIG grade. There were no multiple classifications. The patient cohort was divided into three patient groups (PG) according to chronological age for analysis: PG\u00a01 &lt;\u200910\u00a0years of age (early treatment), PG\u00a02 10 to &lt;\u202f13\u00a0years of age (main treatment) and PG\u00a03 13 to &lt;\u202f18\u00a0years of age (late treatment).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In PG\u00a01 (454 patients), the KIG classifications\u00a0D\u00a0(26.5%), K\u00a0(25.5%), M\u00a0(19.4%), and P\u00a0(18.0%) dominated. In PG\u00a02 (998 patients), classifications D\u00a0(33.2%), predominated, whereas K\u00a0(7.5%) and M\u00a0(5.9%) rarely occurred. The classifications E\u00a0(12.6%) and P\u00a0(13.3%) appeared quite frequently. Transverse deviations occurred only about half as often in PG\u00a02 as in PG\u00a01 and PG\u00a03. In PG\u00a03 (499\u00a0patients), the classification E\u00a0(17.6%) was particularly common, while P\u00a0(2.6%) was rare. The proportion of KIG grades 5\u00a0decreased depending on age: 19% in PG\u00a01, 13.5% in PG\u00a02, 10.4% in PG\u00a03. The prevalence of sagittal classifications was highest in all age groups (45.9% in PG\u00a01, 39.1% in PG\u00a02, 31.5% in PG\u00a03).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The distribution of KIG classifications requiring treatment was not homogeneous, but age dependent. The differences were particularly evident in the early treatment group and may be due to the limited applicability of the KIG classification system in patients before late mixed dentition. With increasing age at initial examination, the prevalence of sagittal classifications decreased, while that of vertical classifications increased. Still, the sagittal classifications D\u00a0and\u00a0M occurred most frequently in all age groups. The KIG classification D\u00a0was always the most common in all patients until the age of\u00a018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00550-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T11:23:30Z","timestamp":1727868210000},"page":"55-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Age-dependent prevalence of malocclusions requiring treatment according to the KIG classification","Altersabh\u00e4ngige Pr\u00e4valenz von nach KIG-Klassifikation behandlungsbed\u00fcrftigen Malokklusionen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3780-4084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gero Stefan Michael","family":"Kinzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8692-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hourfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrijana","family":"Maletic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1602-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg Alexander","family":"Lisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"550_CR1","unstructured":"(2003) Richtlinien des Bundesausschusses der Zahn\u00e4rzte und Krankenkassen f\u00fcr die kieferorthop\u00e4dische Behandlung in der Fassung vom 04.\u00a0Juni 2003 und vom 24.\u00a0September 2003 ver\u00f6ffentlicht im Bundesanzeiger Nr. 226 (S.\u00a024 966) vom 03.\u00a0Dezember 2003 in Kraft getreten am 1.\u00a0Januar 2004"},{"key":"550_CR2","volume-title":"Die kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Indikationsgruppen","author":"P Schopf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schopf\u00a0P (2001) Die kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Indikationsgruppen, 2nd\u00a0edn. 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Ethical approval for this retrospective and anonymized study is not necessary according to the statues of the Saarland ethical committee.\n                      Informed consent:\n                      For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}