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For each individual, maximum bite force was recorded in four positions: maximum intercuspation, protrusion, laterotrusion to the right and to the left. Facial and three-dimensional (3D) dental reconstructions were obtained from 3D facial photographs and 3D scans of dental stone models. A\u00a0total of 51\u00a0landmarks were placed. General shape variation was assessed by principal component analysis. Partial least squares analyses were performed to evaluate the covariation between bite force, facial shape, and dental shape.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There was no clear pattern or statistically significant covariation between our variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results suggest a\u00a0weak relationship between bite force, dental arch, and facial shape. Considering previous work in this field, we propose that low masticatory loads, characteristic in Western urban populations, may explain this. Further studies should, therefore, address this issue, taking into account effect size, the mechanical properties of the diet, and other relevant variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00553-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T10:02:42Z","timestamp":1730109762000},"page":"59-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Facial and dental arch shape in individuals with different bite force levels","Gesichts- und Zahnbogenform bei Probanden mit unterschiedlichem Bisskraftniveau"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Nocera Quezada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Schulz-Kornas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Bemmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornelius","family":"Kupczik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8580-3739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Schierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-8180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Toro-Ibacache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"553_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buvinic S et\u00a0al (2021) Muscle-Bone Crosstalk in the Masticatory System: From Biomechanical to Molecular Interactions. 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Ethical approval for the use of image data and bite force measurements was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig (No. 396-15-13072015, Leipzig, Germany). The trial is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register under DRKS00009787. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}