{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:45:30Z","timestamp":1791420330992,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and to compare the impact of malocclusion in children with and without hypodontia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children aged 10\u201316\u00a0years with \u2265\u202f5\u00a0missing teeth and without hypodontia completed the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) to assess the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL. The Child Perception Questionnaire 11\u201314\u00a0years short form (CPQ11-14-ISF16) was used to verify the validity of the MIQ. Demographic and orthodontic data were collected. Internal consistency and validity of the MIQ were analyzed. MIQ scores were compared using an independent t\u2011test. Regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of the MIQ score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A\u00a0total of 92\u00a0participants completed the MIQ, and 52\u00a0participants the CPQ11-14-ISF16. The MIQ showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 0.89) and good criterion validity with CPQ11-14-ISF16 (r\u202f=\u20090.58). No significant difference in the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL between the groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.15) was found. Age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.05), sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001), and general appearance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001) significantly predicted OHRQoL scores in the regression analysis. Multilevel analysis showed that the group and age effects were nonsignificant and that sex and general appearance were predictive for the MIQ score.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that the MIQ is a\u00a0useful tool to assess the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL in the orthodontic field. Differences in the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL between children with and without hypodontia of \u2265\u202f5 teeth were limited. It may be beneficial delaying treatment until the patient expresses a\u00a0subjective treatment need which may reduce overtreatment of children with hypodontia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-025-00580-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T19:58:38Z","timestamp":1742673518000},"page":"86-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life: insights from children with and without hypodontia","Auswirkungen von Zahnfehlstellungen auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualit\u00e4t: Einblicke von Kindern mit und ohne Hypodontie"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Duisterwinkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim P.","family":"Krijnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Polder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Kuijpers-Jagtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"580_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104544","volume":"135","author":"M Aarts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aarts\u00a0M, Mettenberger\u00a0S, Bronkhorst\u00a0EM, Ongkosuwito\u00a0EM (2023) Oral health-related quality of life in patients with oligodontia: a\u00a0FACE\u2011Q assessment. J\u00a0Dent 135:104544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104544","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"580_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2011.01517.x","volume":"14","author":"AJ Akram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akram\u00a0AJ, Jerreat\u00a0AS, Woodford\u00a0J, Sandy\u00a0JR, Ireland\u00a0AJ (2011) Development of a\u00a0condition-specific measure to assess quality of life in patients with hypodontia. Orthod Craniofacial Res 14:160\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2011.01517.x","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofacial Res"},{"key":"580_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9378325","author":"AH Al-Ani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Ani\u00a0AH, Antoun\u00a0JS, Thomson\u00a0WM, Merriman\u00a0TR, Farella\u00a0M (2017) Hypodontia: an update on its etiology, classification, and clinical management. Biomed Res Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/9378325","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"580_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.10.010","volume":"153","author":"S Barber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barber\u00a0S, Bekker\u00a0HL, Meads\u00a0D, Pavitt\u00a0S, Khambay\u00a0B (2018) Identification and appraisal of outcome measures used to evaluate hypodontia care: a\u00a0systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 153:184\u2013194.e18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.10.010","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"580_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","volume":"25","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beaton\u00a0DE, Bombardier\u00a0C, Guillemin\u00a0F, Ferraz\u00a0MB (2000) Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine 25:3186\u20133191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"580_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/14653125.2015.1114223","volume":"43","author":"PE Benson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benson\u00a0PE, Cunningham\u00a0SJ, Shah\u00a0N, Gilchrist\u00a0F, Baker\u00a0SR, Hodges\u00a0SJ, Marshman\u00a0Z (2016) Development of the malocclusion impact questionnaire (MIQ) to measure the oral healthrelated quality of life of young people with malocclusion: part\u00a02\u2014cross-sectional validation. J\u00a0Orthod 43:14\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14653125.2015.1114223","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"580_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7010024","volume":"7","author":"PE Benson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benson\u00a0PE, Gilchrist\u00a0F, Farella\u00a0M (2019) The malocclusion impact questionnaire (MIQ): cross-sectional validation in a\u00a0group of young people seeking orthodontic treatment in new zealand. Dent\u00a0J 7:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj7010024","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"key":"580_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.194105","volume":"7","author":"R Bhatia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhatia\u00a0R, Winnier\u00a0J, Mehta\u00a0N (2016) Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life in 10-14-year-old children of Mumbai. India Contemp Clin Dent 7:445\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-237X.194105","journal-title":"India Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"580_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698954","volume":"6","author":"C Bural","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bural\u00a0C, Oztas\u00a0E, Ozturk\u00a0S, Bayraktar\u00a0G (2012) Multidisciplinary treatment of non-syndromic oligodontia. Eur J Dent 6:218\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1698954","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"580_CR10","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen\u00a0J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd\u00a0edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York","edition":"2"},{"key":"580_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-6384-6","volume":"235","author":"A Duke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duke\u00a0A, Paterson\u00a0M, Ashley\u00a0PM, MacNab\u00a0L (2023) The genetic basis of hypodontia in dental development. Br Dent\u00a0J 235:525\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41415-023-6384-6","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"580_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"E Erdfelder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Erdfelder\u00a0E, FAul\u00a0F, Buchner\u00a0A, Lang\u00a0AG (2009) Statistical power analyses using G*power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods 41:1149\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"580_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132371","author":"MAP Filius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Filius\u00a0MAP, Cune\u00a0MS, Cr\u00e9ton\u00a0M, Vissink\u00a0A, Raghoebar\u00a0GM, Visser\u00a0A (2019) Oral health-related quality of life in dutch children diagnosed with oligodontia. A\u00a0cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16132371","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"580_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01242-z","volume":"20","author":"A Gera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gera\u00a0A, Cattaneo\u00a0PM, Cornelis\u00a0MA (2020) A Danish version of the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14): translation and cross-cultural adaptation. Bmc Oral Health 20:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-020-01242-z","journal-title":"Bmc Oral Health"},{"key":"580_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjy035","volume":"41","author":"K Jaeken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaeken\u00a0K, De Cadenas Llano-P\u00e9rula\u00a0M, Lemiere\u00a0J, Verdonck\u00a0A, Fieuws\u00a0S, Willems\u00a0G (2019) Reported changes in oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents before, during, and after orthodontic treatment: A\u00a0longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod 41:125\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjy035","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"580_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-4","author":"A Jokovic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jokovic\u00a0A, Locker\u00a0D, Guyatt\u00a0G (2006) Short forms of the child perceptions questionnaire for 11-14-year-old children (CPQ11-14): development and initial evaluation. Health Qual Life Outcomes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-4-4","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"580_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0701-5","volume":"19","author":"A Kavaliauskiene","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kavaliauskiene\u00a0A, \u0160idlauskas\u00a0A, Zaborskis\u00a0A (2019) Modification and psychometric evaluation of the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ11-14) in assessing oral health related quality of life among Lithuanian children. Bmc Oral Health 19:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-018-0701-5","journal-title":"Bmc Oral Health"},{"key":"580_CR18","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Psychological implications of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. In: orthodontics: diagnosis of & management of malocclusion and Dentofacial Deformaties","author":"P Kharbanda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kharbanda\u00a0P, Sagar\u00a0R (2019) Psychological implications of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. In: orthodontics: diagnosis of & management of malocclusion and Dentofacial Deformaties, 3rd\u00a0edn. Elsevier, pp\u00a099\u2013105","edition":"3"},{"key":"580_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-024-00518-1","author":"GSM Kinzinger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kinzinger\u00a0GSM, Hourfar\u00a0J, Lisson\u00a0JA (2024) Prevalence of malocclusions requiring treatment according to the KIG classification: a\u00a0multipart cross-sectional study over a\u00a020-year period in the district of Viersen\/north rhine. J\u00a0Orofac Orthop. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-024-00518-1","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"580_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1179\/1465313312Y.0000000035","volume":"40","author":"S Kotecha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kotecha\u00a0S, Turner\u00a0PJ, Dietrich\u00a0T, Dhopatkar\u00a0A (2013) The impact of tooth agenesis on oral health-related quality of life in children. J\u00a0Orthod 40:122\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1465313312Y.0000000035","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"580_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.01.024","volume":"137","author":"E Laing","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laing\u00a0E, Cunningham\u00a0SJ, Jones\u00a0S, Moles\u00a0D, Gill\u00a0D (2010) Psychosocial impact of hypodontia in children. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 137:35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.01.024","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"580_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00418.x","volume":"35","author":"D Locker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Locker\u00a0D, Allen\u00a0F (2007) What do measures of \u201coral health-related quality of life\u201d measure? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 35:401\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00418.x","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"580_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2009.01001.x","volume":"20","author":"D Locker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Locker\u00a0D, Jokovic\u00a0A, Prakash\u00a0P, Tompson\u00a0B (2010) Oral health-related quality of life of children with oligodontia. Int J Paediatr Dent 20:8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2009.01001.x","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"580_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1179\/14653121042849","volume":"37","author":"Z Marshman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshman\u00a0Z, Gibson\u00a0BJ, Benson\u00a0PE (2010) Is the short-form child perceptions questionnaire meaningful and relevant to children with malocclusion in the UK? J\u00a0Orthod 37:29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/14653121042849","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"580_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v058.i06","author":"A Mazza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mazza\u00a0A, Punzo\u00a0A, Mc-Guire\u00a0B (2014) KernSmoothIRT: An R package for kernel smoothing in item response theory. J\u00a0Stat Softw. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v058.i06","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"580_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr061","volume":"34","author":"S Meaney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meaney\u00a0S, Anweigi\u00a0L, Ziada\u00a0H, Allen\u00a0F (2012) The impact of hypodontia: a\u00a0qualitative study on the experiences of patients. Eur J Orthod 34:547\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjr061","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"580_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/14653125.2015.1114712","volume":"43","author":"N Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel\u00a0N, Hodges\u00a0SJ, Hall\u00a0M, Benson\u00a0PE, Marshman\u00a0Z, Cunningham\u00a0SJ (2016) Development of the malocclusion impact questionnaire (MIQ) to measure the oral healthrelated quality of life of young people with malocclusion: part\u00a01\u2014qualitative inquiry. J\u00a0Orthod 43:7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14653125.2015.1114712","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"580_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2004.00158.x","volume":"32","author":"BJ Polder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Polder\u00a0BJ, Van\u2019t Hof\u00a0MA, Van Der Linden\u00a0FPGM, Kuijpers-Jagtman\u00a0AM (2004) A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 32:217\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2004.00158.x","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"580_CR29","volume-title":"R: a\u00a0language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2020","unstructured":"R Core Team (2020) R: a\u00a0language and environment for statistical computing"},{"key":"580_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz047","author":"L Raziee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raziee\u00a0L, Judd\u00a0P, Carmichael\u00a0R, Chen\u00a0S, Sidhu\u00a0N, Suri\u00a0S (2019) Impacts of oligodontia on oral health-related quality of life reported by affected children and their parents. Eur J Orthod. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjz047","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"580_CR31","volume-title":"Basic & Clinical Biostatistics","author":"G Robert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0G, Lebowitz\u00a0H, Baker\u00a0C, Mckeon\u00a0M (2009) Basic & Clinical Biostatistics, 4th\u00a0edn. McGraw-Hill","edition":"4"},{"key":"580_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-013-0138-z","volume":"74","author":"S Ruf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruf\u00a0S, Klimas\u00a0D, H\u00f6nemann\u00a0M, Jabir\u00a0S (2013) Genetischer Hintergrund nonsyndromaler Oligodontien \u2013 ein systematisches review mit Metaanalyse. J\u00a0Orofac Orthop 74:295\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-013-0138-z","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"580_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2006.01654.x","volume":"33","author":"ATY Wong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wong\u00a0ATY, Mcmillan\u00a0AS, Mcgrath\u00a0C (2006) Oral health-related quality of life and severe hypodontia. J\u00a0Oral Rehabil 33:869\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2006.01654.x","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics \/ Fortschritte der Kieferorthop\u00e4die"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-025-00580-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00056-025-00580-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00056-025-00580-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T22:01:47Z","timestamp":1785967307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00056-025-00580-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-025-00580-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-5293","1615-6714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-5293","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-6714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"F.\u00a0Duisterwinkel, W.P.\u00a0Krijnen, B.J.\u00a0Polder, Y.\u00a0Ren and A.\u00a0M.\u00a0Kuijpers-Jagtman declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Board of the University Medical Center Groningen (METc UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands (METc 2020\/431). Informed consent to participate: All parents\/caregivers and participants gave written informed consent before participating in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical standards","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}