{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T12:34:49Z","timestamp":1793018089582,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033eqas34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to compare the interproximal accuracy (IA) of two different CAD\/CAM (computer-aided design\/computer-aided manufacturing) manufactured and conventionally bent retainers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On 20 digitized debonding casts (10\u00a0upper, 10\u00a0lower), a\u00a0canine-to-canine retainer was designed using two different CAD\/CAM software: OnyxCeph\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      (Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany) and FixR\u2122 (YOAT Corp., Lynnwood, WA, USA). Each design was bent using the Bender II\u2122 retainer bending machine (YOAT Corp.) and 3\u2011 or 6\u2011stranded twistflex wires (0.018-inch Dentaflex\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany), respectively. For each cast, one CAD\/CAM machine cut retainer (Memotain\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , SCHEU DENTAL custom-made, Hilden, Germany) was fabricated and one retainer was bent manually by a\u00a0dental technician using the 6\u2011stranded wire. All retainers were passively waxed on the dental casts and digitized using a\u00a0laboratory scanner (Atos, Carl Zeiss IQS Deutschland, Oberkochen, Germany). For each of the five interproximal areas, IA was measured (1) as vertical distance between retainer and the reference retainer plane and (2) as horizontal distance between the interproximal reference point and the retainer in millimeters. For both directions, it was assumed that the smaller the distance, the higher the interproximal accuracy of the retainer. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann\u2013Whitney and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Considering the vertical deviation, significant differences of interproximal accuracy were seen between the jaws (upper 0.25\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009lower 0.18\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001), planning software (FixR 0.25\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009OnyxCeph 0.21\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.03) and settings (upper jaw: CAD\/CAM bent [FixR] 0.34\u20130.32\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009manually bent 0.27\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009CAD\/CAM bent [Onyx] 0.23\u20130.18\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009CAD\/CAM cut 0.17\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.001; lower jaw: CAD\/CAM bent [FixR 3\u2011stranded and Onyx] 0.22\u20130.21\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009manually bent 0.18\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009CAD\/CAM bent [FixR 6\u2011stranded] 0.13\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009CAD\/CAM cut 0.10\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.004). For horizontal deviation, significant differences were observed between the jaws (upper 0.97\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009lower 0.66\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001), planning software (OnyxCeph 0.90\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009FixR 0.72\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001), settings (upper jaw: CAD\/CAM bent [Onyx]\u202f=\u2009CAD\/CAM cut 1.16\u20131.10\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009CAD\/CAM bent [FixR] 0.96\u20130.89\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009manually bent 0.76\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001; lower jaw: CAD\/CAM bent [Onyx] 0.84\u20130.71\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009CAD\/CAM cut 0.66\u202fmm\u202f=\u2009CAD\/CAM bent [FixR] 0.66\u20130.63\u202fmm\u202f&gt;\u2009manually bent 0.51\u202fmm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001) and location of the interdental area in the upper jaw (13\u201312\u202f=\u200922\u201323\u202f&gt;\u200922\u201321\u202f&gt;\u200911\u201321\u202f&gt;\u200912\u201311,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001). The wire quality had no significant impact in either of the dimensions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interproximal accuracy in the vertical plane was achieved best by CAD\/CAM cut retainers, while horizontally, manually bent retainers were the most accurate. Overall, the accuracy of lower retainers seems clinically acceptable for their use in the mandible irrespective of the manufacturing method, whereas maxillary retainers presented a\u00a0larger variability especially in the more distal interproximal areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-025-00602-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:43:28Z","timestamp":1753883008000},"page":"567-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interproximal accuracy of CAD\/CAM machine cut, machine bent and manually bent retainers","Interdentale Genauigkeit von CAD\/CAM-gefertigten, maschinell und manuell gebogenen Retainern"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Klaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Dirk","family":"Pollmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjad033","volume":"45","author":"E Bardideh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bardideh\u00a0E, Ghorbani\u00a0M, Shafaee\u00a0H, Saeedi\u00a0P, Younessian\u00a0F (2023) A comparison of CAD\/CAM-based fixed retainers versus conventional fixed retainers in orthodontic patients: a\u00a0systematic review and network meta-analysis. 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Nevertheless, at the Department of Orthodontics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, a\u00a0consent form is signed by all patients or their legal guardians, respectively, that they agree to use their data (actually: the plaster casts) anonymized for research purposes. This procedure has been approved by the ethical committee of the university.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical standards","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}