{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1792162141898,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orofac Orthop"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontic treatment is increasingly common across Europe, but little is known about long-term population trends and social disparities in Switzerland, where orthodontic care is mainly privately financed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine temporal and sociodemographic patterns of orthodontic treatment in Switzerland between 2002 and 2022 and to identify associated inequalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data came from three waves of the Swiss Health Survey (2002, 2012, 2022), a\u00a0nationally representative cross-sectional study. The analytic sample comprised 53,019 individuals aged \u2265\u202f15\u00a0years. The outcome was self-reported lifetime experience of wearing braces. Covariates included survey year, sex, age, education, language region, and urbanicity. Statistical evaluation included survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Interaction terms were used to test temporal changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of orthodontic treatment rose from 23.0% in 2002 to 34.8% in 2022. Women were more likely than men to report treatment (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.51\u20131.68). Among adults (\u2265\u202f20\u00a0years), a\u00a0strong educational gradient persisted: those with upper-secondary (aOR 2.82; 95% CI 2.43\u20133.28) or tertiary education (aOR 4.58; 95% CI 3.92\u20135.34) had significantly higher odds of treatment compared to those with compulsory education. Living in rural or intermediate regions was associated with lower odds compared to urban areas (aOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88\u20130.99). Furthermore, residents of French-speaking (aOR 0.84; 95% CI 0.78\u20130.91) and Italian-speaking regions (aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.71\u20130.89) showed lower treatment uptake than those in German-speaking Switzerland. Significant interactions of age and urbanicity with survey year reflect that prevalence increases over the past 20\u00a0years occurred particularly among younger individuals and those outside urban areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontic treatment in Switzerland has increased significantly, becoming a\u00a0new norm for younger generations. However, this growth is not equitable; access remains heavily patterned by education, region, and urbanicity. In a\u00a0predominantly privately financed system, these persistent disparities suggest that orthodontic care remains socially stratified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-026-00699-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:21:12Z","timestamp":1792160472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in orthodontic treatment prevalence in Switzerland","Trends in der Pr\u00e4valenz kieferorthop\u00e4discher Behandlungen in der Schweiz"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Livia","family":"Lyrer-Hinteregger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1564-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Grischott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Sch\u00e4tzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3906-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Patcas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"699_CR1","unstructured":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Statistik (BFS) (2024) Bestand und Dichte der \u00c4rzt\/innen, Zahnarztpraxen und Apotheken nach Kanton - 1990-2023. https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/asset\/en\/32946333. 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