{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:30:28Z","timestamp":1790393428893,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]],"date-time":"2015-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437609600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-015-0430-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T22:30:26Z","timestamp":1437517826000},"page":"157-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["MRI in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Multiple Sclerosis: An Update"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M. P.","family":"Wattjes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Steenwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Stangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","volume":"69","author":"CH Polman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, Filippi M, Fujihara K, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Lublin FD, Montalban X, O\u2019Connor P, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Thompson AJ, Waubant E, Weinshenker B, Wolinsky JS. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:292\u2013302.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rovira A, Wattjes MP, Tintor\u00e9 M, Tur C, Yousry TA, Sormani MP, De Stefano N, Filippi M, Auger C, Rocca MA, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, Kappos L, Polman C, Miller D, Montalban X; MAGNIMS study group. Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis-clinical implementation in the diagnostic process. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015 Jul 7. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.106"},{"key":"430_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Rovira A, Miller DH, Yousry T, Sormani MP, de Stefano N, Tintor\u00e9 M, Auger C, Tur C, Filippi M, Rocca MA, Fazekas F, Kappos L, Polman C, Barkhof F, Montalban X, on behalf of the MAGNIMS study group. MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on MR imaging in multiple sclerosis. MR imaging in multiple sclerosis disease prognosis and monitoring. Nat Rev Neurol. 2015 (submitted).","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.157"},{"key":"430_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.108","volume":"10","author":"A Petzold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petzold A, Wattjes MP, Costello F, Flores-Rivera J, Fraser CL, Fujihara K, Leavitt J, Marignier R, Paul F, Schippling S, Sindic C, Villoslada P, Weinshenker B, Plant GT. The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10:447\u201358.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200206000-00003","volume":"15","author":"F Barkhof","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barkhof F. The clinico-radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis revisited. Curr Opin Neurol. 2002;15:239\u201345.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000095","volume":"27","author":"M Filippi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Filippi M, Preziosa P, Rocca MA. Magnetic resonance outcome measures in multiple sclerosis trials: time to rethink? Curr Opin Neurol. 2014;27:290\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0195-4","volume":"16","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Lutterbey GG, Harzheim M, Gieseke J, Tr\u00e4ber F, Klotz L, Klockgether T, Schild HH. Higher sensitivity in the detection of inflammatory brain lesions in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis using high field MRI: an intraindividual comparison of 1.5\u00a0T with 3.0\u00a0T. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:2067\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"430_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0861-3","volume":"255","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Harzheim M, Lutterbey GG, Hojati F, Simon B, Schmidt S, Schild HH, Barkhof F. Does high field MRI allow an earlier diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? J Neurol. 2008;255:1159\u201363.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70294-7","volume":"14","author":"A Gass","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gass A, Rocca MA, Agosta A, Ciccarelli O, Chard D, Valsasina P, Brooks JC, Bischof A, Eisele P, Kappos L, Barkhof F, Filippi M; MAGNIMS Study Group. MRI monitoring of pathological changes in the spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:443\u201354.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335764.14513.1a","volume":"72","author":"DT Okuda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okuda DT, Mowry EM, Beheshtian A, Waubant E, Baranzini SE, Goodin DS, Hauser SL, Pelletier D. Incidental MRI anomalies suggestive of multiple sclerosis: the radiologically isolated syndrome. Neurology. 2009;72(9):800-5. Erratum in: Neurology. 2009;72(14):1284.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1175oa","volume":"11","author":"IF Pestalozza","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pestalozza IF, Pozzilli C, Di Legge S, Piattella MC, Pantano P, Caramia F, Pasqualetti P, Lenzi GL. Monthly brain magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients with clinically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler. 2005;11:390\u20134.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"430_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1a67","volume":"80","author":"MH Sombekke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sombekke MH, Wattjes MP, Balk LJ, Nielsen JM, Vrenken H, Uitdehaag BM, Polman CH, Barkhof F. Spinal cord lesions in patients with clinically isolated syndrome: a powerful tool in diagnosis and prognosis. Neurology. 2013;80:69\u201375.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22508","volume":"70","author":"H Tumani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tumani H, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Hartung HP, Hemmer B, Hohlfeld R, Otto M, Stangel M, Wildemann B, Zettl UK. Revised McDonald criteria: the persisting importance of cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Ann Neurol. 2011;70:520.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2231010707","volume":"223","author":"JC Bot","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bot JC, Barkhof F, Lycklama \u00e0 Nijeholt G, van Schaardenburg D, Voskuyl AE, Ader HJ, Pijnenburg JA, Polman CH, Uitdehaag BM, Vermeulen EG, Castelijns JA. Differentiation of multiple sclerosis from other inflammatory disorders and cerebrovascular disease: value of spinal MR imaging. Radiology. 2002;223:46\u201356.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"430_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-3080-y","volume":"24","author":"ID Kilsdonk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kilsdonk ID, Wattjes MP, Lopez-Soriano A, Kuijer JP, de Jong MC, de Graaf WL, Conijn MM, Polman CH, Luijten PR, Geurts JJ, Geerlings MI, Barkhof F. Improved differentiation between MS and vascular brain lesions using FLAIR* at 7\u00a0T. Eur Radiol. 2014;24:841\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"430_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512441270","volume":"18","author":"J Wuerfel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wuerfel J, Sinnecker T, Ringelstein EB, Jarius S, Schwindt W, Niendorf T, Paul F, Kleffner I, D\u00f6rr J. Lesion morphology at 7\u00a0T MRI differentiates Susac syndrome from multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012;18:1592\u20139.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"430_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182648bc8","volume":"79","author":"T Sinnecker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinnecker T, D\u00f6rr J, Pfueller CF, Harms L, Ruprecht K, Jarius S, Br\u00fcck W, Niendorf T, Wuerfel J, Paul F. Distinct lesion morphology at 7-T MRI differentiates neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2012;79:708\u201314.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70230-2","volume":"11","author":"JJ Geurts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Geurts JJ, Calabrese M, Fisher E, Rudick RA. Measurement and clinical effect of grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:1082\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ff96f6","volume":"75","author":"M Filippi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Filippi M, Rocca MA, Calabrese M, Sormani MP, Rinaldi F, Perini P, Comi G, Gallo P. Intracortical lesions: relevance for new MRI diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010;75:1988\u201394.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1705-y","volume":"20","author":"B Simon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simon B, Schmidt S, Lukas C, Gieseke J, Tr\u00e4ber F, Knol DL, Willinek WA, Geurts JJ, Schild HH, Barkhof F, Wattjes MP. Improved in vivo detection of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis using double inversion recovery MR imaging at 3\u00a0T. Eur Radiol. 2010;20:1675\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"430_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2619-7","volume":"23","author":"WL Graaf de","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Graaf WL, Kilsdonk ID, Lopez-Soriano A, Zwanenburg JJ, Visser F, Polman CH, Castelijns JA, Geurts JJ, Pouwels PJ, Luijten PR, Barkhof F, Wattjes MP. Clinical application of multi-contrast 7-T MR imaging in multiple sclerosis: increased lesion detection compared to 3\u00a0T confined to grey matter. Eur Radiol. 2013;23:528\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"430_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31824528a0","volume":"78","author":"A Seewann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seewann A, Kooi EJ, Roosendaal SD, Pouwels PJ, Wattjes MP, van der Valk P, Barkhof F, Polman CH, Geurts JJ. Postmortem verification of MS cortical lesion detection with 3D DIR. Neurology. 2012;78:302\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820a0cc4","volume":"76","author":"JJ Geurts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Geurts JJ, Roosendaal SD, Calabrese M, Ciccarelli O, Agosta F, Chard DT, Gass A, Huerga E, Moraal B, Pareto D, Rocca MA, Wattjes MP, Yousry TA, Uitdehaag BM, Barkhof F; MAGNIMS Study Group. Consensus recommendations for MS cortical lesion scoring using double inversion recovery MRI. Neurology. 2011;76:418\u201324.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.02.010","volume":"22","author":"ID Kilsdonk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kilsdonk ID, de Graaf WL, Barkhof F, Wattjes MP. Inflammation high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2012;22:135\u201357.","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"430_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm329","volume":"131","author":"LK Fisniku","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fisniku LK, Brex PA, Altmann DR, Miszkiel KA, Benton CE, Lanyon R, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2008;131:808\u201317.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"430_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181feb26f","volume":"75","author":"M Tintore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tintore M, Rovira A, Arrambide G, Mitjana R, R\u00edo J, Auger C, Nos C, Edo MC, Castill\u00f3 J, Horga A, Perez-Miralles F, Huerga E, Comabella M, Sastre-Garriga J, Montalban X. Brainstem lesions in clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology. 2010;75:1933\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100014244","volume":"40","author":"MS Freedman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freedman MS, Selchen D, Arnold DL, Prat A, Banwell B, Yeung M, Morgenthau D, Lapierre Y; Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Working Group. Treatment optimization in MS: Canadian MS working group updated recommendations. Can J Neurol Sci. 2013;40:307\u201323.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"430_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285614560733","volume":"8","author":"M Stangel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stangel M, Penner IK, Kallmann BA, Lukas C, Kieseier BC. Towards the implementation of \u2018no evidence of disease activity\u2019 in multiple sclerosis treatment: the multiple sclerosis decision model. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2015;8:3\u201313.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"430_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0140-z","volume":"28","author":"N Stefano De","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Stefano N, Airas L, Grigoriadis N, Mattle HP, O\u2019Riordan J, Oreja-Guevara C, Sellebjerg F, Stankoff B, Walczak A, Wiendl H, Kieseier BC. Clinical relevance of brain volume measures in multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2014;28:147\u201356.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"430_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70103-0","volume":"12","author":"MP Sormani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sormani MP, Bruzzi P. MRI lesions as a surrogate for relapses in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:669\u201376.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02708.x","volume":"16","author":"L Prosperini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prosperini L, Gallo V, Petsas N, Borriello G, Pozzilli C. One-year MRI scan predicts clinical response to interferon beta in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2009;16:1202\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509104591","volume":"15","author":"J Rio","year":"2009","unstructured":"R\u00edo J, Castill\u00f3 J, Rovira A, Tintor\u00e9 M, Sastre-Garriga J, Horga A, Nos C, Comabella M, Aymerich X, Montalb\u00e1n X. Measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS. Mult Scler. 2009;15:848\u201353.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"430_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.802","volume":"59","author":"VW Yong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yong VW. Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer aetate in MS. Neurology. 2002;59:802\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b910b","volume":"80","author":"A Minagar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Minagar A, Barnett MH, Benedict RH, Pelletier D, Pirko I, Sahraian MA, Frohman E, Zivadinov R. The thalamus and multiple sclerosis: modern views on pathologic, imaging, and clinical aspects. Neurology. 2013;80:210\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"430_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22738","volume":"36","author":"MD Steenwijk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steenwijk MD, Daams M, Pouwels PJ, J Balk L, Tewarie PK, Geurts JJ, Barkhof F, Vrenken H. Unraveling the relationship between regional grey matter atrophy and pathology in connected white matter tracts in long-standing multiple sclerosis. Hum Brain Mapp. 2015;36:1796\u2013807.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"430_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popescu V, Klaver R, Voorn P, Galis-de Graaf Y, Knol D, Twisk J, Versteeg A, Schenk G, Van der Valk P, Barkhof F, De Vries H, Vrenken H, Geurts J. What drives MRI-measured cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis? Mult Scler. 2015 Jan 12. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25583833 . [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514562440"},{"key":"430_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.006","volume":"34","author":"A Charil","year":"2007","unstructured":"Charil A, Dagher A, Lerch JP, Zijdenbos AP, Worsley KJ, Evans AC. Focal cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis: relation to lesion load and disability. Neuroimage. 2007;34:509\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"430_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14132708","volume":"272","author":"MD Steenwijk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steenwijk MD, Daams M, Pouwels PJ, Balk LJ, Tewarie PK, Killestein J, Uitdehaag BM, Geurts JJ, Barkhof F, Vrenken H. What explains grey matter atrophy in long-standing multiple sclerosis? Radiology. 2014;272:832\u201342.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"430_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergsland N, Lagan\u00e0 MM, Tavazzi E, Caffini M, Tortorella P, Baglio F, Baselli G, Rovaris M. Corticospinal tract integrity is related to primary motor cortex thinning in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar 19. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25791368 . [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515576985"},{"key":"430_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24018","volume":"75","author":"MP Sormani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sormani MP, Arnold DL, De Stefano N. Treatment effect on brain atrophy correlates with treatment effect on disability in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2014;75:43\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514564494","volume":"21","author":"N Stefano De","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Stefano N, Arnold DL. Towards a better understanding of pseudoatrophy in the brain of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2015;21:675\u20136.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"430_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514533399","volume":"20","author":"M Daams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daams M, Weiler F, Steenwijk MD, Hahn HK, Geurts JJ, Vrenken H, van Schijndel RA, Balk LJ, Tewarie PK, Tillema JM, Killestein J, Uitdehaag BM, Barkhof F. Mean upper cervical cord area (MUCCA) measurement in long-standing multiple sclerosis: relation to brain findings and clinical disability. Mult Scler. 2014;20:1860\u20135.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"430_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307650","volume":"85","author":"S Mallik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mallik S, Samson RS, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Miller DH. Imaging outcomes for trials of remyelination in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85:1396\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"430_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000018","volume":"1","author":"JQ Tran","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tran JQ, Rana J, Barkhof F, Melamed I, Gevorkyan H, Wattjes MP, de Jong R, Brosofsky K, Ray S, Xu L, Zhao J, Parr E, Cadavid D. Randomized phase I trials of the safety\/tolerability of anti-LINGO-1 monoclonal antibody BIIB033. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2014;1(2):e18.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"430_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513494491","volume":"20","author":"GJ Nagtegaal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagtegaal GJ, Pohl C, Wattjes MP, Hulst HE, Freedman MS, Hartung HP, Miller D, Montalban X, Kappos L, Edan G, Pleimes D, Beckman K, Stemper B, Polman CH, Sandbrink R, Barkhof F. Interferon beta-1b reduces black holes in a randomised trial of clinically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler. 2014;20:234\u201342.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"430_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21302","volume":"63","author":"JT Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen JT, Collins DL, Atkins HL, Freedman MS, Arnold DL. Magnetization transfer ratio evolution with demyelination and remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol. 2008;63:254\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12206","volume":"175","author":"PS Rommer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rommer PS, Zettl UK, Kieseier B, Hartung HP, Menge T, Frohman E, Greenberg BM, Hemmer B, St\u00fcve O. Requirement for safety monitoring for approved multiple sclerosis therapies: an overview. Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;175:397\u2013407.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"430_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.598","volume":"70","author":"R Rudick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rudick R, Polman C, Clifford D, Miller D, Steinman L. Natalizumab: bench to bedside and beyond. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:172\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513510224","volume":"19","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Richert ND, Killestein J, de Vos M, Sanchez E, Snaebjornsson P, Cadavid D, Barkhof F. The chameleon of neuroinflammation: magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Mult Scler. 2013;19:1826\u201340.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"430_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308630","volume":"86","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Vennegoor A, Steenwijk MD, de Vos M, Killestein J, van Oosten BW, Mostert J, Siepman DA, Moll W, van Golde AE, Frequin ST, Richert ND, Barkhof F. MRI pattern in asymptomatic natalizumab-associated PML. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86:793\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"430_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.114","volume":"1","author":"T Dong-Si","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dong-Si T, Richman S, Wattjes MP, Wenten M, Gheuens S, Philip J, Datta S, McIninch J, Bozic C, Bloomgren G, Richert N. Outcome and survival of asymptomatic PML in natalizumab-treated MS patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1:755\u201364.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1215357","volume":"368","author":"BW Oosten van","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Oosten BW, Killestein J, Barkhof F, Polman CH, Wattjes MP. PML in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate from a compounding pharmacy. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1658\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"430_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3065","volume":"72","author":"AM Arvin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arvin AM, Wolinsky JS, Kappos L, Morris MI, Reder AT, Tornatore C, Gershon A, Gershon M, Levin MJ, Bezuidenhoudt M, Putzki N. Varicella-zoster virus infections in patients treated with fingolimod: risk assessment and consensus recommendations for management. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72:31\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"430_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182735cb3","volume":"79","author":"F Visser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Visser F, Wattjes MP, Pouwels PJ, Linssen WH, van Oosten BW. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis lesions under fingolimod treatment. Neurology. 2012;79:2000\u20133.","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00062-015-0430-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-015-0430-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-015-0430-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T11:24:02Z","timestamp":1566991442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00062-015-0430-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-015-0430-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-1439","1869-1447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-1439","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]}}}