{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:13:23Z","timestamp":1786979603548,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-019-00800-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T13:51:44Z","timestamp":1559569904000},"page":"511-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Lacunar Infarcts and Concurrent Embolic Ischemic Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"name":"WAKE-UP investigators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2318-0959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewgenia","family":"Barow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Boutitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ebinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen B.","family":"Fiebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Fiehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Galinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Thijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Lemmens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith W.","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Nighoghossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Pedraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus Z.","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gerloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"Thomalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.3.491","volume":"28","author":"CL Sudlow","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sudlow CL, Warlow CP. Comparable studies of the incidence of stroke and its pathological types: results from an international collaboration. International Stroke Incidence Collaboration. Stroke. 1997;28:491\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","volume":"12","author":"JM Wardlaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, Cordonnier C, Fazekas F, Frayne R, Lindley RI, O\u2019Brien JT, Barkhof F, Benavente OR, Black SE, Brayne C, Breteler M, Chabriat H, Decarli C, de Leeuw FE, Doubal F, Duering M, Fox NC, Greenberg S, Hachinski V, Kilimann I, Mok V, Oostenbrugge R, Pantoni L, Speck O, Stephan BC, Teipel S, Viswanathan A, Werring D, Chen C, Smith C, van Buchem M, Norrving B, Gorelick PB, Dichgans M, nEuroimaging STfRVco. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:822\u201338.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.15.8.774","volume":"15","author":"CM Fisher","year":"1965","unstructured":"Fisher CM. Lacunes: small, deep cerebral infarcts. Neurology. 1965;15:774\u201384.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"800_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.046383","volume":"76","author":"V Caso","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caso V, Budak K, Georgiadis D, Schuknecht B, Baumgartner RW. Clinical significance of detection of multiple acute brain infarcts on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:514\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"800_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2002.01319.x","volume":"106","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Kobayashi S, Matui R, Yamaguchi S, Yamashita K. The differences of clinical parameters between small multiple ischemic lesions and single lesion detected by diffusion-weighted MRI. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002;106:24\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"800_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2644","volume":"30","author":"H Ay","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ay H, Oliveira-Filho J, Buonanno FS, Ezzeddine M, Schaefer PW, Rordorf G, Schwamm LH, Gonzalez RG, Koroshetz WJ. Diffusion-weighted imaging identifies a\u00a0subset of lacunar infarction associated with embolic source. Stroke. 1999;30:2644\u201350.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"800_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804355","volume":"379","author":"G Thomalla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, Andersen G, Berthezene Y, Cheng B, Cheripelli B, Cho TH, Fazekas F, Fiehler J, Ford I, Galinovic I, Gellissen S, Golsari A, Gregori J, Gunther M, Guibernau J, Hausler KG, Hennerici M, Kemmling A, Marstrand J, Modrau B, Neeb L, Perez de la Ossa N, Puig J, Ringleb P, Roy P, Scheel E, Schonewille W, Serena J, Sunaert S, Villringer K, Wouters A, Thijs V, Ebinger M, Endres M, Fiebach JB, Lemmens R, Muir KW, Nighoghossian N, Pedraza S, Gerloff C, WAKE-UP Investigators. MRI-guided Thrombolysis for stroke with unknown time of onset. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:611\u201322. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1804355","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"800_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010049","volume":"46","author":"R von Kummer","year":"2015","unstructured":"von Kummer R, Broderick JP, Campbell BC, Demchuk A, Goyal M, Hill MD, Treurniet KM, Majoie CB, Marquering HA, Mazya MV, San Rom\u00e1n L, Saver JL, Strbian D, Whiteley W, Hacke W. The Heidelberg bleeding classification: classification of bleeding events after Ischemic stroke and Reperfusion therapy. Stroke. 2015;46:2981\u20136.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"800_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00352-1","volume":"2","author":"B Norrving","year":"2003","unstructured":"Norrving B. Long-term prognosis after lacunar infarction. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:238\u201345.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"800_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500380035003","volume":"36","author":"CM Fisher","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fisher CM. Capsular infarcts: the underlying vascular lesions. Arch Neurol. 1979;36:65\u201373.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"800_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.11.1440","volume":"22","author":"P Laloux","year":"1991","unstructured":"Laloux P, Brucher JM. Lacunar infarctions due to cholesterol emboli. Stroke. 1991;22:1440\u20134.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"800_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.8.1050","volume":"39","author":"N Futrell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Futrell N, Millikan C, Watson BD, Dietrich WD, Ginsberg MD. Embolic stroke from a\u00a0carotid arterial source in the rat: pathology and clinical implications. Neurology. 1989;39:1050\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"800_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.7.1247","volume":"26","author":"RL Macdonald","year":"1995","unstructured":"Macdonald RL, Kowalczuk A, Johns L. Emboli enter penetrating arteries of monkey brain in relation to their size. Stroke. 1995;26:1247\u201350. discussion 50\u20131.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"800_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000131930.41057.48","volume":"35","author":"N Futrell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Futrell N. Lacunar infarction: embolism is the key. Stroke. 2004;35:1778\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"800_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.12.1730","volume":"60","author":"DW Kang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kang DW, Chalela JA, Ezzeddine MA, Warach S. Association of ischemic lesion patterns on early diffusion-weighted imaging with TOAST stroke subtypes. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1730\u20134.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"800_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.038653","volume":"75","author":"D Chowdhury","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chowdhury D, Wardlaw JM, Dennis MS. Are multiple acute small subcortical infarctions caused by embolic mechanisms? J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:1416\u201320.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"800_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.063594","volume":"76","author":"T Seifert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seifert T, Enzinger C, Storch MK, Pichler G, Niederkorn K, Fazekas F. Acute small subcortical infarctions on diffusion weighted MRI: clinical presentation and aetiology. J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1520\u20134.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"800_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002227","volume":"44","author":"A Del Bene","year":"2013","unstructured":"Del Bene A, Makin SD, Doubal FN, Inzitari D, Wardlaw JM. Variation in risk factors for recent small subcortical infarcts with infarct size, shape, and location. Stroke. 2013;44:3000\u20136.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"800_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.57","volume":"34","author":"CZ Simonsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simonsen CZ, S\u00f8rensen LH, Karabegovic S, Mikkelsen IK, Schmitz ML, Juul N, Yoo AJ, Andersen G. MRI before intraarterial therapy in ischemic stroke: feasibility, impact, and safety. J\u00a0Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014;34:1076\u201381.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"800_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-015-0029-x","volume":"4","author":"E Parody","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parody E, Pedraza S, Garc\u00eda-Gil MM, Crespo C, Serena J, D\u00e1valos A. Cost-utility analysis of magnetic resonance imaging management of patients with acute Ischemic stroke in a\u00a0Spanish hospital. Neurol Ther. 2015;4:25\u201337.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-019-00800-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00062-019-00800-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-019-00800-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T10:33:56Z","timestamp":1599129236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00062-019-00800-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-019-00800-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-1439","1869-1447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-1439","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"E.\u00a0Barow received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study and grants from the German Parkinson Society and ACTELION Pharmaceuticals Deutschland GmbH, outside the submitted work. F.\u00a0Boutitie received grants from the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf during the conduct of the study. M.\u00a0Ebinger received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study. M.\u00a0Endres received grants from European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study, grants from the Bayer and fees paid to the Charit\u00e9 from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS\/Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, Amgen, GlaxoSmithKlineGSK, Sanofi, Covidien, Ever, Novartis, all outside the submitted work. J.B.\u00a0Fiebach received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Bioclinica, Artemida, Cerevast, and Nicolab outside the submitted work. I.\u00a0Galinovic received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study. A.\u00a0Nickel received grants from European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study. P.\u00a0Roy received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study. V.\u00a0Thijs received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program and personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer\/BMS, Bayer, Sygnis, Amgen and Allergan outside the submitted work. K.W.\u00a0Muir received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim outside the submitted work. S.\u00a0Pedraza received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study. C.Z.\u00a0Simonsen received grants from Novo Nordisk Foundation and personal fees from Bayer outside the submitted work. C.\u00a0Gerloff received from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study, personal fees from AMGEN, Bayer Vital, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi Aventis, Abbott, and Prediction Biosciences outside the submitted work. G.\u00a0Thomalla received grants from the European Union 7th Framework Program during the conduct of the study, personal fees from Acandis, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS\/Pfizer, Stryker, Daiichi Sankyo, grants and personal fees from Bayer, grants from Corona Foundation, German Innovation Fonds and Else Kroener Fresenius Foundation outside the submitted work. B.\u00a0Cheng, T.-H.\u00a0Cho, J.\u00a0Fiehler, I.\u00a0Ford, J.\u00a0Puig, A.\u00a0Wouters, R.\u00a0Lemmens and N.\u00a0Nighoghossian declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}