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Vessel size imaging (VSI) is an MRI technique that enables noninvasive assessment of microvasculature by providing quantitative estimates of microvessel size and density. In this study, we evaluated the potential of VSI to differentiate between brain tumor types based on their microvascular morphology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using a\u00a0clinical 3T\u00a0MRI scanner, VSI was performed on 25\u00a0patients with cerebral neoplasms, 10\u00a0with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 8\u00a0with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and 7\u00a0with cerebral lung cancer metastasis (MLC). Following the postprocessing of VSI maps, mean vessel diameter (vessel size index, vsi) and microvessel density\u00a0(Q) were compared across tumors, peritumoral areas, and healthy tissues.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The MLC tumors have larger and less dense microvasculature compared to PCNSLs in terms of vsi and\u00a0Q (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.0004 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.0001, respectively). GBM tumors have higher yet non-significantly different vsi values than PCNSLs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.065) and non-significant differences in\u00a0Q. No statistically significant differences in vsi or\u00a0Q\u00a0were present between GBMs and MLCs. GBM tumor volume was positively correlated with vsi (r\u202f=\u20090.502, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.0017) and negatively correlated with Q\u00a0(r\u202f=\u2009\u22120.531, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.0007).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Conventional MRI parameters are helpful in differentiating between PCNSLs, GBMs, and MLCs. Additionally incorporating VSI parameters into the diagnostic protocol could help in further differentiating between PCNSLs and metastases and potentially between PCNSLs and GBMs. Future studies in larger patient cohorts are required to establish diagnostic cut-off values for VSI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-021-01129-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T14:04:08Z","timestamp":1640268248000},"page":"239-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differentiation of Cerebral Neoplasms with Vessel Size Imaging (VSI)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1694-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asmaa","family":"Foda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asanka","family":"Gunawardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Janz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kufner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohat","family":"Geran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Mekle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochen B.","family":"Fiebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Galinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400602","author":"J Dennie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dennie J, Mandeville JB, Boxerman JL, Packard SD, Rosen BR, Weisskoff RM. 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E.\u00a0Kellner is a\u00a0shareholder of and receives fees from VEObrain GmbH, Freiburg, Germany. Non-financial interests: none. A.\u00a0Foda, A.\u00a0Gunawardana, X.\u00a0Gao, M.\u00a0Janz, A.\u00a0Kufner, A.A.\u00a0Khalil, R.\u00a0Geran, R.\u00a0Mekle, and I.\u00a0Galinovic declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the institutional review board of Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (#EA4\/131\/19). <i>Consent to participate:<\/i> written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants (or their legal guardians) included in the study. <i>Consent for publication:<\/i> not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}