{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:35:16Z","timestamp":1776526516037,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT-like images based on a 3D\u00a0T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo-based sequence (T1SGRE) for the visualization of the pediatric skull and the identification of pathologies, such as craniosynostosis or fractures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this prospective study, 20\u00a0patients with suspected craniosynostosis (mean age 1.26\u202f\u00b1\u20091.38\u00a0years, 10\u00a0females) underwent MR imaging including the T1SGRE sequence and 2 more patients were included who presented with skull fractures (0.5 and 6.3\u00a0years, both male). Additionally, the skull of all patients was assessed using radiography or CT in combination with ultrasound. Two radiologists, blinded to the clinical information, evaluated the CT-like images. The results were compared to the diagnosis derived from the other imaging modalities and intraoperative findings. Intrarater and interrater agreement was calculated using Cohen\u2019s\u00a0\u03ba.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 22\u00a0patients 8\u00a0had a\u00a0metopic, 4\u00a0a\u00a0coronal and 2\u00a0a\u00a0sagittal craniosynostosis and 2 patients showed a\u00a0complex combination of craniosynostoses. The agreement between the diagnosis based on the T1SGRE and the final diagnosis was substantial (Cohen\u2019s \u03ba\u202f=\u20090.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77\u20131.00 for radiologist\u00a01 and \u03ba\u202f=\u202f0.76, CI 0.51\u20131.00 for radiologist\u00a02). Of the patients with fractures, one presented with a\u00a0ping pong fracture and one with a\u00a0fracture of the temporal bone. Both radiologists could identify the fractures using the T1SGRE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The visualization of the pediatric skull and the assessment of sutures using a\u00a0CT-like T1SGRE MR-sequence is feasible and comparable to other imaging modalities, and thus may help to reduce radiation exposure in pediatric patients. The technique may also be a\u00a0promising imaging tool for other pathologies, such as fractures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-022-01182-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T13:03:47Z","timestamp":1656421427000},"page":"57-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["CT-like MR-derived Images for the Assessment of Craniosynostosis and other Pathologies of the Pediatric Skull"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannik","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kronthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Feuerriegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios C.","family":"Karampinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedikt J.","family":"Schwaiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus R.","family":"Makowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga K.","family":"Koerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Liebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Woertler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc-Matthias","family":"Steinborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Gersing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1981.54.3.0384","volume":"54","author":"AL Albright","year":"1981","unstructured":"Albright AL, Byrd RP. Suture pathology in craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg. 1981 Mar;54:384\u20137.","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"8","key":"1182_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32208","volume":"146A","author":"SL Boulet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boulet SL, Rasmussen SA, Honein MA. A population-based study of craniosynostosis in metropolitan Atlanta, 1989\u20132003. Am J Med Genet A. 2008;146A:984\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"5","key":"1182_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.08.026","volume":"64","author":"CF Kweldam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kweldam CF, van der Vlugt JJ, van der Meulen JJ. The incidence of craniosynostosis in the Netherlands, 1997\u20132007. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64:583\u20138.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1182_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000305929.40363.bf","volume":"121","author":"JA Persing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Persing JA. MOC-PS(SM) CME article: management considerations in the treatment of craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(4 Suppl):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1182_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2009.08.002","volume":"30","author":"O Kirmi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kirmi O, Lo SJ, Johnson D, Anslow P. Craniosynostosis: a radiological and surgical perspective. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2009;30:492\u2013512.","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT MR"},{"issue":"5","key":"1182_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000279477.56044.55","volume":"120","author":"JA Fearon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fearon JA, Singh DJ, Beals SP, Yu JC. The diagnosis and treatment of single-sutural synostoses: are computed tomographic scans necessary? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:1327\u201331.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1182_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2673-6","volume":"43","author":"CA Badve","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badve CA, K MM, Iyer RS, Ishak GE, Khanna PC. Craniosynostosis: imaging review and primer on computed tomography. Pediatr Radiol. 2013;43:728\u201342; quiz 725\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1182_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.951","volume":"112","author":"DP Frush","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frush DP, Donnelly LF, Rosen NS. Computed tomography and radiation risks: what pediatric health care providers should know. Pediatrics. 2003;112:951\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1182_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12121248","volume":"265","author":"DJ Brenner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Cancer risks from CT scans: now we have data, what next? Radiology. 2012;265:330\u20131.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1182_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318275edee","volume":"24","author":"KA Eley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eley KA, Sheerin F, Taylor N, Watt-Smith SR, Golding SJ. Identification of normal cranial sutures in infants on routine magnetic resonance imaging. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24:317\u201320.","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"issue":"1011","key":"1182_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/95110289","volume":"85","author":"KA Eley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eley KA, McIntyre AG, Watt-Smith SR, Golding SJ. \u201cBlack bone\u201d MRI: a partial flip angle technique for radiation reduction in craniofacial imaging. Br J Radiol. 2012;85:272\u20138. Erratum in: Br J Radiol. 2012;85:659.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1182_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3286-7","volume":"24","author":"KA Eley","year":"2014","unstructured":"ley KA, Watt-Smith SR, Sheerin F, Golding SJ. \u201cBlack Bone\u201d MRI: a potential alternative to CT with three-dimensional reconstruction of the craniofacial skeleton in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis. Eur Radiol. 2014;24:2417\u201326.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1182_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-3783-0","volume":"34","author":"L Kuusela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuusela L, Hukki A, Brandstack N, Autti T, Leikola J, Saarikko A. Use of black-bone MRI in the diagnosis of the patients with posterior plagiocephaly. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34:1383\u20139.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1182_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.4.PEDS20131","volume":"26","author":"KB Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel KB, Eldeniz C, Skolnick GB, Jammalamadaka U, Commean PK, Goyal MS, Smyth MD, An H. 3D pediatric cranial bone imaging using high-resolution MRI for visualizing cranial sutures: a pilot study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;26:311\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1182_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006552","volume":"31","author":"KA Eley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eley KA, Delso G. Automated Segmentation of the Craniofacial Skeleton With \u201cBlack Bone\u201d Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Craniofac Surg. 2020;31:1015\u20137.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1182_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02508-7","volume":"63","author":"KA Eley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eley KA, Delso G. Automated 3D MRI rendering of the craniofacial skeleton: using ZTE to drive the segmentation of black bone and FIESTA-C images. Neuroradiology. 2021;63:91\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1182_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07597-9","volume":"31","author":"BJ Schwaiger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schwaiger BJ, Schneider C, Kronthaler S, Gassert FT, B\u00f6hm C, Pfeiffer D, Baum T, Kirschke JS, Karampinos DC, Makowski MR, Woertler K, Wurm M, Gersing AS. CT-like images based on T1 spoiled gradient-echo and ultra-short echo time MRI sequences for the assessment of vertebral fractures and degenerative bone changes of the spine. Eur Radiol. 2021;31:4680\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1182_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5450-y","volume":"29","author":"AS Gersing","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gersing AS, Pfeiffer D, Kopp FK, Schwaiger BJ, Knebel C, Haller B, No\u00ebl PB, Settles M, Rummeny EJ, Woertler K. Evaluation of MR-derived CT-like images and simulated radiographs compared to conventional radiography in patients with benign and malignant bone tumors. Eur Radiol. 2019;29:13\u201321.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1182_CR19","first-page":"10","volume":"96","author":"A Tartaro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tartaro A, Larici AR, Antonucci D, Merlino B, Colosimo C, Bonomo L. Ottimizzazione e accuratezza diagnostica della Tomografia Computerizzata con tecnica spirale tridimensionale nello studio della craniostenosi [Optimization and diagnostic accuracy of computerized tomography with tridimensional spiral technique in the study of craniostenosis]. Radiol Med. 1998;96:10\u20137.","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1182_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.3.2813770","volume":"173","author":"MW Vannier","year":"1989","unstructured":"Vannier MW, Hildebolt CF, Marsh JL, Pilgram TK, McAlister WH, Shackelford GD, Offutt CJ, Knapp RH. Craniosynostosis: diagnostic value of three-dimensional CT reconstruction. Radiology. 1989;173:669\u201373.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1182_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.3.9057541","volume":"168","author":"D Soboleski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Soboleski D, McCloskey D, Mussari B, Sauerbrei E, Clarke M, Fletcher A. Sonography of normal cranial sutures. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;168:819\u201321.","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"5","key":"1182_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3793-1","volume":"47","author":"KM Hall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hall KM, Besachio DA, Moore MD, Mora AJ, Carter WR. Effectiveness of screening for craniosynostosis with ultrasound: a retrospective review. Pediatr Radiol. 2017;47:606\u201312.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1182_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.11.006","volume":"73","author":"A Saarikko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saarikko A, Mellanen E, Kuusela L, Leikola J, Karppinen A, Autti T, Virtanen P, Brandstack N. Comparison of Black Bone MRI and 3D-CT in the preoperative evaluation of patients with craniosynostosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2020;73:723\u201331.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1182_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202216","volume":"298","author":"KA Eley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eley KA, Rossi-Espagnet MC, Schievano S, Napolitano A, Ong J, Secinaro A, Borro L, Dunaway D, Marras CE, Rennie A, Robertson F, Picardo S, Longo D, Inserra A, Rollo M, Cooper J, Mankad K, Jeelani NO, D\u2019Arco F. Multiparametric Imaging for Presurgical Planning of Craniopagus Twins: The Experience of Two Tertiary Pediatric Hospitals with Six Sets of Twins. Radiology. 2021;298:18\u201327.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1182_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-018-2127-9","volume":"61","author":"SF Kralik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kralik SF, Supakul N, Wu IC, Delso G, Radhakrishnan R, Ho CY, Eley KA. Black bone MRI with 3D reconstruction for the detection of skull fractures in children with suspected abusive head trauma. Neuroradiology. 2019;61:81\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1182_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2017.12.36239","volume":"2","author":"AS Bloom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bloom AS, Auten J, Schofer JM. Point-of-care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of a \u201cPing Pong\u201d Skull Fracture. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2018;2:99\u2013100.","journal-title":"Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med"},{"key":"1182_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204825","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3034287","volume":"8","author":"N Pezzotti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pezzotti\u00a0N, Yousefi\u00a0S, Elmahdy\u00a0MS, van Gemert\u00a0J, Sch\u00fclke\u00a0C, Doneva\u00a0M, Nielsen\u00a0T, Kastryulin\u00a0S, Lelieveldt\u00a0BPF, van Osch\u00a0MJP, De Weerdt\u00a0E, Staring\u00a0M. An adaptive intelligence algorithm for undersampled knee MRI reconstruction. IEEE Access. 2020;8:204825\u201338.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-022-01182-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00062-022-01182-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-022-01182-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T23:10:03Z","timestamp":1679872203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00062-022-01182-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-022-01182-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-1439","1869-1447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-1439","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Y.\u00a0Leonhardt, S.\u00a0Kronthaler, G.\u00a0Feuerriegel, D.C.\u00a0Karampinos, B.J.\u00a0Schwaiger, D.\u00a0Pfeiffer, M.R.\u00a0Makowski, I.K.\u00a0Koerte, T.\u00a0Liebig, K.\u00a0Woertler, M.-M.\u00a0Steinborn and A.S.\u00a0Gersing declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the local institutional review board (Ethics Commission of the Medical Faculty, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Ethics proposal number 476\/21 S\u2011KH) and informed consent was obtained prior to the participation in the study from the legal guardians of the participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}