{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:13:23Z","timestamp":1786979603558,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a\u00a0cortical malformation frequently associated with epilepsy. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and conspicuity of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) underneath dysplastic cortex as a\u00a0potentially underrecognized feature of PMG in pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 28\u00a0pediatric and adolescent patients with PMG and a\u00a0matched control group, ranging in age from 2\u00a0days to 21\u00a0years, who underwent MRI at 1.5T or 3T. T2-weighted MR images were examined for the presence of EPVS underneath the dysplastic cortex. The quantity of EPVS was graded from 0\u00a0to 4\u00a0(0: none, 1: &lt;\u202f10, 2: 11\u201320, 3: 21\u201340, 4: &gt;\u202f40 EPVS). We then compared the presence and quantity of EPVS to the matched controls in terms of total EPVS scores, and EPVS scores underneath the dysplastsic cortex depending on the age groups, the localization of PMG, and the MRI field strength.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 23\/28 (82%) PMG patients, EPVS spatially related to the dysplastic cortex were identified. EPVS scores were significantly higher in PMG patients compared to controls, independent from age or PMG location. No significant differences were observed in EPVS scores in patients examined at 1.5T compared to those examined at 3T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EPVS underneath the dysplastic cortex were identified in 82% of patients. EPVS may serve as an important clue for PMG and a\u00a0marker for cortical malformation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-024-01457-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T08:03:21Z","timestamp":1726214601000},"page":"87-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Focally Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Polymicrogyria\u2014an MRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rauch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Lachner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Frickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Jonas","family":"Adenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Hattingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1457_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa174","volume":"143","author":"M Severino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Severino\u00a0M, Geraldo\u00a0AF, Utz\u00a0N, Tortora\u00a0D, Pogledic\u00a0I, Klonowski\u00a0W, et\u00a0al. 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