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The brain temperature was further compared with the body temperature (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>bo<\/jats:sub>) to investigate the possible existence of brain-body temperature gradient (<jats:italic>\u2206T<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A\u00a0total of 80\u00a0subjects were included in this study. <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u00a0MRS data were collected on a\u00a03.0T\u00a0MR scanner using Point Resolved Selective Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence. Voxels were positioned in the right frontal (RF) lobe and left frontal (LF) lobe, respectively. The temperature of each voxel was calculated by chemical shift difference (<jats:italic>\u2206\u03b4<\/jats:italic>) between H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and NAA which was obtained by LCModel software. The average temperature of bilateral frontal lobe voxels was defined as <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub> for each subject. The average forehead temperature was acquired before MR scanning, defined as <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>bo<\/jats:sub>, in this study. The difference between <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>bo<\/jats:sub>, denoted as the brain-body temperature gradient (<jats:italic>\u2206T<\/jats:italic>), was calculated. Age and gender characteristics of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>\u2206T<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>bo<\/jats:sub> were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>T<jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub> (38.51\u202f\u00b1\u20090.59\u2103) was higher than <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>bo<\/jats:sub> (36.47\u202f\u00b1\u20090.26\u2103) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.05). Negative correlations were observed between <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>br<\/jats:sub> and age (r\u202f=\u2009\u22120.49, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.05) and between <jats:italic>\u2206T<\/jats:italic> and age (r\u202f=\u2009\u22120.44, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.05), whereas no correlation existed between <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>bo<\/jats:sub> and age (r\u202f=\u2009\u22120.03, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.79).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our observation demonstrated that the brain temperature, derived from <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u00a0MRS thermometry, is significantly higher than the body temperature, indicating the existence of a\u00a0brain-body temperature gradient, and the brain temperature gradually decreases with age.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-024-01467-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T17:02:17Z","timestamp":1730307737000},"page":"159-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Measurement of Healthy Adult Brain Temperature Using 1H\u00a0Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Thermometry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yahong","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2911-3653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00307","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang\u00a0H, Wang\u00a0B, Normoyle\u00a0KP, Jackson\u00a0K, Spitler\u00a0K, Sharrock\u00a0MF, Miller\u00a0CM, Best\u00a0C, Llano\u00a0D, Du\u00a0R. 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We declare that all patients gave informed consent prior to inclusion in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}