{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T11:23:55Z","timestamp":1761305035399,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum RWTH Aachen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial contamination has been reported to occur during angiographies, although data on its frequency and relevance are limited. The purpose of our study was to determine whether angiographic materials such as catheters and guide wires remain sterile during angiographies. We sought to differentiate between different materials, and to detect the frequency, the extent and the spectrum of bacterial contamination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively collected 698 fluid or material samples from 100 neuroangiographies. Per angiography we analyzed proximal ends and distal tips of catheters and guide wires, and fluid samples from the water container (working bowl) in which materials were stored during the angiography. We analyzed the frequency and extent of contamination and determined the bacterial spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of samples (51.4%) were contaminated. There was no angiography that showed no contamination (0%). The highest proportion of contaminated samples was found in the fluid from the working bowl after completion of the examination (92.9%). Catheters and wires were contaminated in 34.1\u201349.2% of samples. Contamination of the samples increased with longer duration of the angiographic procedures. Most of the bacterial species were environmental or skin contaminants (86.2%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bacterial contamination during diagnostic neuroangiographies or interventions is a\u00a0frequent finding although its clinical significance is believed to be small. Bacterial contamination increases with longer duration of angiographic procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-025-01526-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T12:11:10Z","timestamp":1747915870000},"page":"689-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterial Contamination of Angiographic Materials in Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroangiography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4301-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"Franz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Honecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Schmiech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2958-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimah","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5195-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hani","family":"Ridwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Nikoubashman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Lemmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8261-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Wiesmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1526_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heimdahl A, Hall G, Hedberg M, Sandberg H, S\u00f6der PO, Tun\u00e9r K, Nord CE. Detection and quantitation by lysis-filtration of bacteremia after different oral surgical procedures. J\u00a0Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(10):2205\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.28.10.2205-2209.1990. PMID: 2229342; PMCID: PMC268148.","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.10.2205-2209.1990"},{"key":"1526_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sande MA, Levinson ME, Lukas DS, Kaye D. Bacteremia associated with cardiac catheterization. N Engl J Med. 1969;281(20):1104\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM196911132812007. PMID: 5824176.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196911132812007"},{"key":"1526_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shawker TH, Kluge RM, Ayella RJ. Bacteremia associated with angiography. JAMA. 1974;229(8):1090\u20132. PMID: 4602348.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230460040019"},{"key":"1526_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spies JB, Rosen RJ, Lebowitz AS. Antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular and interventional radiology: a\u00a0rational approach. Radiology. 1988;166(2):381\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.166.2.3275979. PMID: 3275979.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.2.3275979"},{"issue":"15","key":"1526_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095","volume":"116","author":"W Wilson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilson\u00a0W, Taubert\u00a0KA, Gewitz\u00a0M, Lockhart\u00a0PB, Baddour\u00a0LM, Levison\u00a0M, Bolger\u00a0A, Cabell\u00a0CH, Takahashi\u00a0M, Baltimore\u00a0RS, Newburger\u00a0JW, Strom\u00a0BL, Tani\u00a0LY, Gerber\u00a0M, Bonow\u00a0RO, Pallasch\u00a0T, Shulman\u00a0ST, Rowley\u00a0AH, Burns\u00a0JC, Ferrieri\u00a0P, Gardner\u00a0T, Goff\u00a0D, Durack\u00a0DT. American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a\u00a0guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007;116(15):1736\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"1526_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.07.018","volume":"21","author":"AM Venkatesan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Venkatesan\u00a0AM, Kundu\u00a0S, Sacks\u00a0D, Wallace\u00a0MJ, Wojak\u00a0JC, Rose\u00a0SC, Clark\u00a0TW, d\u2019Othee\u00a0BJ, Itkin\u00a0M, Jones\u00a0RS, Miller\u00a0DL, Owens\u00a0CA, Rajan\u00a0DK, Stokes\u00a0LS, Swan\u00a0TL, Towbin\u00a0RB, Cardella\u00a0JF, Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committee. Practice guidelines for adult antibiotic prophylaxis during vascular and interventional radiology procedures. Written by the Standards of Practice Committee for the Society of Interventional Radiology and Endorsed by the Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and Canadian Interventional Radiology Association (corrected). J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;21(11):1611\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.07.018.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1526_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-015-0431-x","volume":"27","author":"C Kabbasch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kabbasch\u00a0C, Dorn\u00a0F, Wenchel\u00a0HM, Krug\u00a0B, Mpotsaris\u00a0A, Liebig\u00a0T. Bacterial contamination during diagnostic and interventional neuroangiography is a\u00a0frequent finding: But does it matter? An observational study. Clin Neuroradiol. 2017;27(1):39\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-015-0431-x.","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1526_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wiesmann M, Honecker S, Fleu C, Franz C, Schmiech M, Ridwan H, B\u00fcrkle F, Nikoubashman O, Lemmen S. Bacterial contamination of syringes and fluids in diagnostic and interventional neuroangiography. Tomography. 2024;10(5):686\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/tomography10050053. PMID: 38787013; PMCID: PMC11126105.","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography10050053"},{"key":"1526_CR9","unstructured":"Working Group \u2018Hospital & Practice Hygiene\u2019 of AWMF. Hygieneanforderungen beim ambulanten Operieren. https:\/\/register.awmf.org\/assets\/guidelines\/029-014l_S1_Hygieneanforderungen-beim-ambulanten-Operieren_2019-07.pdf"},{"key":"1526_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tafelmeier S, Kesseler E, Iancu AM, Nikoubashman O, Wiesmann M. Spectrum of complications and complication rates after diagnostic catheter angiography in neuroradiology. Clin Neuroradiol. 2023;33(3):763\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-023-01273-3. Epub 2023 Mar 9. PMID: 36894748; PMCID: PMC10449942.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-023-01273-3"},{"key":"1526_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nikoubashman O, Kraitem A, Arslanian R, Gounis MJ, Sichtermann T, Wiesmann M. Preventing inadvertent foreign body injection in angiography. Radiology. 2021;299(2):460\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2021200207. Epub 2021 Mar 9. PMID: 33687288.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021200207"},{"issue":"2","key":"1526_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00147.x","volume":"38","author":"BM Tress","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tress\u00a0BM, Hellyar\u00a0AG, Pennington\u00a0J, Thomson\u00a0KR, Martinkus\u00a0J, Lavan\u00a0JJ. Bacteriological studies of open vs. closed contrast medium delivery systems in angiography. Australas Radiol. 1994;38(2):112\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00147.x. PMID: 8024502.","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"key":"1526_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lockhart PB, Brennan MT, Sasser HC, Fox PC, Paster BJ, Bahrani-Mougeot FK. Bacteremia associated with toothbrushing and dental extraction. 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PMID: 18541739; PMCID: PMC2746717.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524"}],"container-title":["Clinical Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-025-01526-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00062-025-01526-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00062-025-01526-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T11:21:37Z","timestamp":1761304897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00062-025-01526-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00062-025-01526-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-1439","1869-1447"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1869-1439"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1869-1447"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"O.\u00a0Nikoubashman has received reimbursement for lectures or travel support from Stryker Neurovascular and Phenox, has received grants for research projects from Stryker Neurovascular, is member of the Steering Committee of the German Stroke Registry. M.\u00a0Wiesmann has been working as a\u00a0Consultant for Stryker Neurovascular, has received reimbursement for lectures or travel support from Bracco Imaging, Siemens Healthcare, and Stryker Neurovascular, has received grants for research projects or educational exhibits from ab medica, Acandis, Bracco Imaging, Cerenovus, Kaneka Pharmaceuticals, Medtronic, Mentice AB, Microvention, Phenox, Siemens Healthcare, and Stryker Neurovascular. C.\u00a0Franz, C.\u00a0Fleu, S.\u00a0Honecker, M.\u00a0Schmiech, D.\u00a0Hasan, H.\u00a0Ridwan, and S.\u00a0Lemmen declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of our institution (EK23\/228, 24.07.2023). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}