{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:42:08Z","timestamp":1792806128856,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017590","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to investigate whether the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt valve setting can be reliably assessed using maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions from non-contrast, full-dose head CT scans, and how this method performs in comparison to conventional lateral skull radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 41\u00a0adult patients (mean age\u00a059\u202f\u00b1\u200925\u00a0years) with Codman Certas programmable VP shunt valves who underwent lateral skull X\u2011ray and a\u00a0same-day, non-contrast head CT scan between January and July 2024. From the CT data, MIP reconstructions of the valve region were generated. Three neuroradiologists, blinded to each other\u2019s assessments, independently rated valve settings and image quality using a\u00a05-point Likert scale. Mean reconstruction time was recorded. Radiation dose data were extracted from institutional dose-monitoring software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Valve settings were identifiable in all 44 CT\/X-ray image pairs, with 95% agreement between MIP and\u00a0X-ray readings. MIP reconstructions were successfully generated (median CTDI\n                      <jats:sub>vol<\/jats:sub>\n                      35.34\u202fmGy (30.42; 40.32); mean reconstruction time\u00a070\u202fs). Image quality was rated lower for MIP (median 2 [IQR 2]) than for X\u2011ray (median 4 [IQR 1];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001). In 45% of cases scanned with photon-counting CT, MIP quality was significantly higher (median 3 vs.\u00a01;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001). Inter-reader reliability was good for MIPs (ICC\u202f=\u20090.82) and excellent for X\u2011rays (ICC\u202f=\u20090.97).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MIP reconstructions from non-contrast head CT allow reliable VP shunt valve setting assessment and may reduce the need for additional radiographs, especially when advanced CT systems are used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-025-01606-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T11:49:16Z","timestamp":1768391356000},"page":"545-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of VP Shunt Valve Settings Using Reconstructions from Non-Contrast Head CT: A\u00a0Comparative Study with Conventional Radiographs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Raya Juliane","family":"Ocker-Serger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Styczen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Schuessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Zensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berk","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kl\u00fcner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schroeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Haubold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiemo","family":"Dinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Dammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Sure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Forsting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Deuschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1606_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000120968","author":"CP Bondurant","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bondurant\u00a0CP, Jimenez\u00a0DF. 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Ocker-Serger, H. Styczen, Y. Li, M. Schuessler, M. Opitz, S. Zensen, B. Yildirim, L. Kl\u00fcner, B. Schroeer, J. Haubold, T. Dinger, P. Dammann, U. Sure, M. Forsting, C. Deuschl and D. Bos declare that there are no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee (reference number 24-11888-BO). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective study design.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}