{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:58:04Z","timestamp":1790578684256,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Neuroradiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically assess radiation exposure during elective carotid artery stenting (CAS) for symptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis at a\u00a0high-volume centre and to generate data that support optimization of both radiation dose and procedural workflow, thereby providing a\u00a0basis for future multicentre studies aimed at establishing diagnostic reference levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Demographic (age, gender, BMI), procedural (balloon dilatations, procedure time), dosimetric (dose-area product [DAP], fluoroscopy time, number of acquisition series), anatomical, and interventionalist-related factors were retrospectively analysed in 109 patients undergoing CAS on a\u00a0biplane flat-panel system using a\u00a0standardized workflow and dedicated low-dose protocol. Nonparametric statistics were applied;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.05 was considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean total DAP was 3342.12\u202f\u00b1\u20091679.36\u202fcGy\u00b7cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (median 2884.61\u202fcGy\u00b7cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), with fluoroscopy contributing 47% (mean 1666.37\u202f\u00b1\u20091122.03\u202fcGy\u00b7cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Gender, anatomical side, and stenosis characteristics had no significant impact, whereas age and BMI were positively associated with total DAP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.047 and 0.014). Total DAP correlated with procedure time (r\u209b\u202f=\u20090.491,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001), fluoroscopy time (r\u209b\u202f=\u20090.666,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001), and number of acquisition series (r\u209b\u202f=\u20090.364,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001). Plane A was used more frequently than plane\u00a0B (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&lt;\u20090.001). Procedures performed by the senior interventionalist (&gt;\u202f20\u00a0years experience) showed significantly lower fluoroscopy DAP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.004), shorter procedure and fluoroscopy times, and fewer acquisition series.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elective CAS can be performed with low radiation exposure using standardized workflows and low-dose imaging. Radiation exposure is influenced by patient characteristics, procedural factors, and interventionalist experience. These data may provide a\u00a0foundation for future multicentre studies aimed at establishing DRLs and optimizing dose-reduction strategies in neuroendovascular practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-026-01728-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:49:29Z","timestamp":1790578169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiation Exposure in Elective Endovascular Carotid Artery Stenting"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Sabine","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Brose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Struffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1728_CR1","unstructured":"Eckstein H, K\u00fchnl A, Berkefeld J, et\u00a0al. 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