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Neben einer ad\u00e4quaten Therapiezielfindung umfasst diese die Versorgung des akuten respiratorischen Versagens (ARV) mit speziellen differenzialdiagnostischen \u00dcberlegungen, das Management immunologischer Nebenwirkungen innovativer Krebstherapien sowie eine Vielzahl an Krankheitsbildern, die ausschlie\u00dflich bei Krebspatienten auftreten. Um diesen Herausforderungen gerecht werden zu k\u00f6nnen, widmet sich die Initiative \u201eIntensive Care in Hematologic and Oncologic Patients (iCHOP)\u201c seit einigen Jahren diesen Themen. Unterst\u00fctzt durch mehrere \u00f6sterreichische und deutsche Fachgesellschaften f\u00fcr Intensivmedizin, H\u00e4matologie und Onkologie wurde k\u00fcrzlich der \u201e1.\u00a0Konsens zur Versorgung kritisch kranker Krebspatienten\u201c mit Empfehlungen zum klinischen Management sowie infrastrukturellen und ausbildungsassoziierten Themen verfasst. Das Auftreten eines ARV steht bei kritisch kranken Krebspatienten seit jeher im Fokus der Forschung. W\u00e4hrend die nichtinvasive Beatmung lange als Goldstandard der Therapie galt, zeigen hochqualitative Studien jedoch keine relevanten klinischen Vorteile dieser Techniken inklusive der High-flow-nasal-oxygen-Therapie im Vergleich zur konventionellen Sauerstofftherapie. Hingegen r\u00fcckt eine nichtgekl\u00e4rte \u00c4tiologie des ARV als <jats:italic>einziger<\/jats:italic> potenziell modifizierbarer Risikofaktor in den Fokus. Dementsprechend sind evidenzbasierte und rigoros angewendete Diagnosealgorithmen bei diesen Patienten von eminenter Bedeutung. Des Weiteren stellen das Erkennen und das Management der immer h\u00e4ufiger vorkommenden vielgestaltigen immuntherapieassoziierten Toxizit\u00e4t Intensivmediziner vor zunehmende Herausforderungen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-020-00737-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T11:02:36Z","timestamp":1602500556000},"page":"633-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["H\u00e4matoonkologie und Intensivmedizin","Hemato-oncology and intensive care medicine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Wohlfarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Schellongowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Arbeitsgruppe f\u00fcr H\u00e4mato-Onkologische Intensivmedizin der \u00d6sterreichischen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Allgemeine und Internistische Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (\u00d6GIAIN); Initiative \u201eIntensive Care in Hematologic and Oncologic Patients\u201c (iCHOP)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"737_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3312-y","volume":"97","author":"MG Kiehl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiehl\u00a0MG, Beutel\u00a0G, B\u00f6ll\u00a0B et\u00a0al (2018) Consensus statement for cancer patients requiring intensive care support. 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