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The UKE group incorporated a\u00a0clinical perspective from a\u00a0German nurse and used a\u00a0forward\u2013backward translation approach. The Charit\u00e9 group included a\u00a0physician and a\u00a0medical student for forward translation, followed by a\u00a0cognitive debriefing with medical staff and backward translation. To merge the two German versions of the IMS, a\u00a0translator from Charit\u00e9 compared the versions and determined which was more comprehensible. The updated IMS was then sent to the UKE, where researchers revised and commented on the updated version. Researchers from both institutions discussed the updated version, resulting in a\u00a0final German IMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The translation and back-translation process at UKE identified minimal deviations from the original wording, advancing the preliminary German translation to the expert review stage without additional loops. The expert review committee confirmed cultural equivalence, eliminating the need for further changes. At Charit\u00e9, 30\u00a0medical professionals (including nurses, medical students, physiotherapists, and physicians) approved the structure and translation of 11\u00a0items with minor changes during cognitive debriefing. Only slight differences were identified and merged during the final integration of both versions. A\u00a0final version was created by incorporating phonetically advantageous elements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final version of the German IMS aligns with the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the German healthcare context. It is essential to note that validation is still necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-026-01419-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:15:44Z","timestamp":1771856144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Translation and cross-cultural adaption of the German version of the Intensive Care Unit Mobility Scale (IMS)","Deutsche \u00dcbersetzung und interkulturelle Adaptation der Intensive Care Unit Mobility Scale (IMS)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"E. M.","family":"Sarkandy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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Dr. Schaller holds small amounts of stock from Alphabet Inc., Ascendis Pharma Inc., Bayer AG, and Siemens AG; these holdings have not affected any decisions regarding his research or this study. E.M.\u00a0Sarkandy, G.\u00a0Gertz, L.O.\u00a0Warner, F.\u00a0Hamdo, M.\u00a0Maechler, P.\u00a0Tohsche, C.\u00a0Hodgson and S.G.R.\u00a0Klotz declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies mentioned were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}