{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:55:19Z","timestamp":1791291319093,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-026-01481-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:41:45Z","timestamp":1784191305000},"page":"538-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmakologische Immunmodulation bei Sepsis","Pharmacological immunomodulation in sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Bode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1481_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","volume":"395","author":"KE Rudd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudd\u00a0KE, Johnson\u00a0SC, Agesa\u00a0KM et\u00a0al (2020) Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 395:200\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1481_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.012","volume":"54","author":"T van der Poll","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Poll\u00a0T, Shankar-Hari\u00a0M, Wiersinga\u00a0WJ (2021) The immunology of sepsis. Immunity 54:2450\u20132464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"1481_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04762-6","volume":"27","author":"C Bode","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bode\u00a0C, Weis\u00a0S, Sauer\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2023) Targeting the host response in sepsis: current approaches and future evidence. Crit Care 27:478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04762-6","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1481_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606273342603","volume":"334","author":"CJ Fisher","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fisher\u00a0CJ, Agosti\u00a0JM, Opal\u00a0SM, The Soluble TNF Receptor Sepsis Study Group et\u00a0al (1996) Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 334:1697\u20131702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199606273342603","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1481_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12382","volume":"68","author":"S Lv","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lv\u00a0S, Han\u00a0M, Yi\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2014) Anti-TNF\u2011\u03b1 therapy for patients with sepsis: a systematic meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 68:520\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcp.12382","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"1481_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200104000-00015","volume":"29","author":"K Reinhart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reinhart\u00a0K, Menges\u00a0T, Gardlund\u00a0B et\u00a0al (2001) Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody fragment afelimomab in hyperinflammatory response during severe sepsis: The RAMSES Study. Crit Care Med 29:765\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200104000-00015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1481_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002749","volume":"46","author":"NJ Meyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meyer\u00a0NJ, Reilly\u00a0JP, Anderson\u00a0BJ et\u00a0al (2018) Mortality Benefit of Recombinant Human Interleukin\u20111 Receptor Antagonist for Sepsis Varies by Initial Interleukin\u20111 Receptor Antagonist Plasma Concentration. Crit Care Med 46:21\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002749","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1481_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001402","volume":"44","author":"B Shakoory","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shakoory\u00a0B, Carcillo\u00a0JA, Chatham\u00a0WW et\u00a0al (2016) Interleukin\u20111 Receptor Blockade Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in Sepsis Patients With Features of Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Reanalysis of a Prior Phase III Trial. Crit Care Med 44:275\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001402","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1481_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01499-z","volume":"27","author":"E Kyriazopoulou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kyriazopoulou\u00a0E, Poulakou\u00a0G, Milionis\u00a0H et\u00a0al (2021) Early treatment of COVID-19 with anakinra guided by soluble urokinase plasminogen receptor plasma levels: a double-blind, randomized controlled phase 3 trial. Nat Med 27:1752\u20131760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01499-z","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1481_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.24175","volume":"335","author":"EJ Giamarellos-Bourboulis","year":"2026","unstructured":"Giamarellos-Bourboulis\u00a0EJ, Kotsaki\u00a0A, Kotsamidi\u00a0I et\u00a0al (2026) Precision Immunotherapy to Improve Sepsis Outcomes: The ImmunoSep Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 335:775\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2025.24175","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1481_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01748-4","volume":"33","author":"T Tavaci","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tavaci\u00a0T, Halici\u00a0Z, Cadirci\u00a0E et\u00a0al (2025) Correction: The impact of tocilizumab treatment on the severity of inflammation and survival rates in sepsis is significantly influence by the timing of administration. Inflammopharmacology 33:3515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10787-025-01748-4","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"1481_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11330","volume":"326","author":"M Shankar-Hari","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group, Shankar-Hari\u00a0M, Vale\u00a0CL et\u00a0al (2021) Association Between Administration of IL\u20116 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Meta-analysis. JAMA 326:499\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.11330","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1481_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004174","volume":"20","author":"FW Hamilton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamilton\u00a0FW, Thomas\u00a0M, Arnold\u00a0D et\u00a0al (2023) Therapeutic potential of IL6R blockade for the treatment of sepsis and sepsis-related death: A Mendelian randomisation study. PLoS Med 20:e1004174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004174","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1481_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000577","volume":"3","author":"M Bauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauer\u00a0M, Weyland\u00a0A, Marx\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2021) Efficacy and Safety of Vilobelimab (IFX-1), a Novel Monoclonal Anti-C5a Antibody, in Patients With Early Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock\u2011A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase IIa Trial (SCIENS Study). Crit Care Explor 3:e0577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000577","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"1481_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06537-5","volume":"47","author":"PF Laterre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laterre\u00a0PF, Pickkers\u00a0P, Marx\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2021) Safety and tolerability of non-neutralizing adrenomedullin antibody adrecizumab (HAM8101) in septic shock patients: the AdrenOSS\u20112 phase 2a biomarker-guided trial. Intensive Care Med 47:1284\u20131294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-021-06537-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1481_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155077","volume":"88","author":"C Knothe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Knothe\u00a0C, Witte\u00a0S, Bergmann\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2025) Enibarcimab for the treatment of septic shock in patients selected by a combination of the biomarkers bio-ADM and DPP3: A prespecified subgroup analysis of the AdrenOSS\u20112 trial. J\u00a0Crit Care 88:155077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155077","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"1481_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-03909-1","volume":"26","author":"A Sauer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sauer\u00a0A, Putensen\u00a0C, Bode\u00a0C (2022) Immunomodulation by Tetracyclines in the Critically Ill: An Emerging Treatment Option? Crit Care 26:74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-022-03909-1","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1481_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2174\/1574891x10666150410153839","volume":"10","author":"TM Fredeking","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fredeking\u00a0TM, Zavala-Castro\u00a0JE, Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00ednez\u00a0P et\u00a0al (2015) Dengue Patients Treated with Doxycycline Showed Lower Mortality Associated to a Reduction in IL\u20116 and TNF Levels. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 10:51\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1574891x10666150410153839","journal-title":"Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov"},{"key":"1481_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107476","volume":"208","author":"F Steinhagen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steinhagen\u00a0F, Schmidt\u00a0SV, Schewe\u00a0JC et\u00a0al (2020) Immunotherapy in sepsis - brake or accelerate? Pharmacol Ther 208:107476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107476","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1481_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04055-4","volume":"26","author":"E Karakike","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karakike\u00a0E, Scicluna\u00a0BP, Roumpoutsou\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2022) Effect of intravenous clarithromycin in patients with sepsis, respiratory and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Crit Care 26:183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-022-04055-4","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1481_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200903-0363OC","volume":"180","author":"C Meisel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meisel\u00a0C, Schefold\u00a0JC, Pschowski\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2009) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a\u00a0double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:640\u2013648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200903-0363OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1481_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10031","volume":"15","author":"L Bo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bo\u00a0L, Wang\u00a0F, Zhu\u00a0J et\u00a0al (2011) Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for sepsis: a\u00a0meta-analysis. Crit Care 15:R58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc10031","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1481_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154330","volume":"78","author":"CH Vacheron","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vacheron\u00a0CH, Lepape\u00a0A, Venet\u00a0F et\u00a0al (2023) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients presenting sepsis-induced immunosuppression: The GRID randomized controlled trial. J\u00a0Crit Care 78:154330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154330","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"1481_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-082583","volume":"388","author":"J Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu\u00a0J, Pei\u00a0F, Zhou\u00a0L et\u00a0al (2025) The efficacy and safety of thymosin \u03b11 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial. Can J Hosp Pharm 388:e082583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2024-082583","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1481_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0501-3","volume":"9","author":"J Cui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cui\u00a0J, Wei\u00a0X, Lv\u00a0H et\u00a0al (2019) The clinical efficacy of intravenous IgM-enriched immunoglobulin (pentaglobin) in sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Ann Intensive Care 9:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-019-0501-3","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"1481_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0110037","volume":"88","author":"P Brahmamdam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brahmamdam\u00a0P, Inoue\u00a0S, Unsinger\u00a0J et\u00a0al (2010) Delayed administration of anti-PD\u20111 antibody reverses immune dysfunction and improves survival during sepsis. J\u00a0Leukoc Biol 88:233\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0110037","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"1481_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05704-z","volume":"45","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hotchkiss\u00a0RS, Colston\u00a0E, Yende\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2019) Immune checkpoint inhibition in sepsis: a Phase 1b randomized study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of nivolumab. Intensive Care Med 45:1360\u20131371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-019-05704-z","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00063-026-01481-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00063-026-01481-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00063-026-01481-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:10:00Z","timestamp":1791288600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00063-026-01481-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00063-026-01481-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-6218","2193-6226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-6218","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"C.\u00a0Bode gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Interessenkonflikt","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor\/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}}]}}