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The aim of this study was to evaluate in the same mice the effect of thalidomide on adherens junction (AJ) proteins in ERC and LRS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Urothelial expressions of E\u2011cadherin and \u03b2\u2011catenin were assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bladder specimens over 360 days post single-dose irradiation on day\u00a00. First, the effect of irradiation on AJ expression and then effects of thalidomide on irradiation-induced AJ alterations were assessed using three different treatment times.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Irradiation provoked a\u00a0biphasic upregulation of E\u2011cadherin and \u03b2\u2011catenin in the early phase. After a\u00a0mild decrease of E\u2011cadherin and a\u00a0pronounced decrease of \u03b2\u2011catenin at the end of the early phase, both increased again in the late phase. Early administration of thalidomide (day\u00a01\u201315) resulted in a\u00a0steeper rise in the first days, an extended and increased expression at the end of the early phase and a\u00a0higher expression of \u03b2\u2011catenin alone at the beginning of the late phase.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Upregulation of AJ proteins is an attempt to compensate irradiation-induced impairment of urothelial barrier function. Early administration of thalidomide improves these compensatory mechanisms by inhibiting NF-\u03baB signaling and its interfering effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-021-01751-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T09:05:39Z","timestamp":1615367139000},"page":"537-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of irradiation on the expression of E-cadherin and \u03b2-catenin in early and late radiation sequelae of the urinary bladder and its modulation by NF-\u03baB inhibitor thalidomide"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Krischak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Kowaliuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Sarsarshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1168-3973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Kleiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21324","volume":"104","author":"G Delaney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delaney\u00a0G, Jacob\u00a0S, Featherstone\u00a0C et al (2005) The role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment: estimating optimal utilization from a\u00a0review of evidence-based clinical guidelines. 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