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We retrospectively analyzed survival, long-term toxicity, and secondary malignancies in a\u00a0pooled cohort of pediatric patients (pts.) treated with the same TBI regimen.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Analyzed were 109\u00a0pts. treated between September 1996 and November 2015. Conditioning treatment according to EBMT guidelines and the ALL SCTped 2012 FORUM trial consisted of chemotherapy (CT) and TBI with 2\u202fGy b.i.d. on 3\u00a0consecutive days to a\u00a0total dose of 12\u202fGy. Median follow-up was 97.9\u00a0months (2\u2013228\u00a0months).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall survival (OS) in our cohort at 2, 5, and 10\u00a0years was 86.1, 75.5, and 63.0%, respectively. Median survival was not reached. Long-term toxicity developed in 47\u00a0pts. After chronically abnormal liver and kidney parameters in 31 and 7\u00a0pts., respectively, growth retardation was the most frequent finding as seen in 13\u00a0pts. Secondary malignancies were rare (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20093).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TBI-containing conditioning regimens in pediatric stem cell transplantation (SCT) are highly effective. Efforts to replace TBI- with CT-containing regimens have only been successful in subgroups of pts. Although we could show long-term toxicity in 43% of pts., overall survival was 63% at 10\u00a0years. Still, long-term effects such as growth retardation can permanently impact the pts.\u2019 quality of life and functioning. Along with new substances, efforts should be undertaken to optimize TBI techniques and accompany the treatment by systematic follow-up programs beyond 5\u00a0years to improve detection of rare events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-021-01810-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T19:02:26Z","timestamp":1626721346000},"page":"33-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Total body irradiation as part of conditioning regimens in childhood leukemia\u2014long-term outcome, toxicity, and secondary malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Arne","family":"Gruen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Exner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn-Sven","family":"K\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arend","family":"von Stackelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Budach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Stromberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Boehmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1810_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704198","volume":"32","author":"N Bunin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bunin\u00a0N, Aplenc\u00a0R, Kamani\u00a0N et\u00a0al (2003) Randomized trial of busulfan vs total body irradiation containing conditioning regimens for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a\u00a0Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium study. 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