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Against this background, a\u00a0nationally relevant, consensus-based framework for undergraduate radiation therapy education in Germany was developed by an expert panel of faculty representatives, aligned with the competencies expected at the end of the practical year (PJ) and in the final state examination context (M3), and complemented by guidance on the responsible educational use of artificial intelligence (AI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The framework was prepared by the German Society of Radiation Oncology (Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Radioonkologie, DEGRO) working group \u201cMedical Education\u201d (AG Lehre), including a\u00a0consolidated master document and 16\u00a0teaching portfolios that informed 15\u00a0candidate competencies. In a\u00a0second step, 25\u00a0formally delegated representatives from 22\u00a0of the 36\u00a0university radiation oncology departments in Germany participated in a\u00a0structured expert consensus process incorporating individual prioritization, small-group refinement, plenary consolidation, predefined voting thresholds, and postworkshop editorial integration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resulting framework comprised four components: (1)\u00a0nine prioritized core competencies defining a\u00a0national minimum standard at the PJ\/M3 level; (2)\u00a0implementation bandwidths (minimal, recommended, best practice) anchored in anonymized site-profile data; (3)\u00a0a\u00a0staged A\/B\/C assessment model aligned with the Miller pyramid; and (4)\u00a0integrated AI guidance defining permitted use cases, nonnegotiable boundaries, AI literacy goals, and a\u00a0practical educator-facing implementation logic. The tumor board was identified as a\u00a0particularly suitable integrative teaching format.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This white paper presents a\u00a0nationally coordinated, competency-oriented framework for undergraduate radiation therapy education that combines a\u00a0stable core with scalable local implementation options. By linking essential competencies, teaching bandwidths, staged assessment, and responsible AI guidance, greater consistency, coherence, and practical implementation of radiation therapy teaching across heterogeneous faculties is facilitated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-026-02575-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:25:46Z","timestamp":1784719546000},"page":"1016-1028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DEGRO consensus framework for undergraduate radiation therapy teaching in Germany: a\u00a0white paper with integrated guidance on artificial intelligence in medical education"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Linde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biney","family":"Pal Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Neu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Gollrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo R.","family":"Sarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Linge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanna E.","family":"Wielenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Hillebrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"H\u00f6ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Leu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg Andreas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas Fabian","family":"Boehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Caroline","family":"Kn\u00f6chelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Niklas","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Herfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Drozdz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"M\u00e4urer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Patties","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Fleischmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schmottermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Fabian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Frerker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"He\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Dapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-020-01623-x","volume":"196","author":"M Oertel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oertel\u00a0M, Linde\u00a0P, M\u00e4urer\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2020) Quality of teaching radiation oncology in Germany\u2014where do we stand? 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Fabian received honoraria from Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) as well as a research award from Lilly Germany Foundation. P. Linde, B. PalSingh, M. Neu, J. Gollrad, M. Bischoff, G.R. Sarria, A. Linge, N.E. Wielenberg, A.-L. Hillebrecht, L. H\u00f6ng, M. Leu, J. AndreasM\u00fcller, L.F. Boehme, A.C. Kn\u00f6chelmann, J.-N. Becker, K. Herfarth, S. Drozdz, M. M\u00e4urer, I. Patties, D. Fleischmann, D. Schmottermeyer, B. Frerker, S. He\u00df, M. Oertel and H. Dapper declare that they have no competing interests.\u2019 but should have been \u2018A. Fabian received honoraria from Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) as well as a research award from Lilly Germany Foundation. P. Linde received honoraria for invited lectures from MSD as well as from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. The authors declare that they have no competing interests relevant to the content of this article. B. PalSingh, M. Neu, J. Gollrad, M. Bischoff, G.R. Sarria, A. Linge, N.E. Wielenberg, A.-L. Hillebrecht, L. H\u00f6ng, M. Leu, J. 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Dapper declare that they have no competing interests.\u2019.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2026","order":8,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":9,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00066-026-02603-3","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00066-026-02603-3","order":11,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A.\u00a0Fabian received honoraria from Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) as well as a\u00a0research award from Lilly Germany Foundation. P.\u00a0Linde received honoraria for invited lectures from MSD as well as from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. The authors declare that they have no competing interests relevant to the content of this article. B.\u00a0Pal Singh, M.\u00a0Neu, J.\u00a0Gollrad, M.\u00a0Bischoff, G.R.\u00a0Sarria, A.\u00a0Linge, N.E.\u00a0Wielenberg, A.-L.\u00a0Hillebrecht, L.\u00a0H\u00f6ng, M.\u00a0Leu, J.A.\u00a0M\u00fcller, L.F.\u00a0Boehme, A.C.\u00a0Kn\u00f6chelmann, J.-N.\u00a0Becker, K.\u00a0Herfarth, S.\u00a0Drozdz, M.\u00a0M\u00e4urer, I.\u00a0Patties, D.\u00a0Fleischmann, D.\u00a0Schmottermeyer, B.\u00a0Frerker, S.\u00a0He\u00df, M.\u00a0Oertel and H.\u00a0Dapper declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work did not involve patients or identifiable personal data. 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