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Treatment plans demonstrated effective organ at risk (OAR) sparing and clinical adequacy. The planning target volume (PTV)\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>\n                      ranged from 23.3 to 23.9\u202fGy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and the clinical target volume electrophysiology (CTV [EP])\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>\n                      from 30.9 to 31.6\u202fGy\u00a0(RBE); underdosage was permitted where anatomical compromise was unavoidable. No CTV(EP) hotspot exceeded 33.5\u202fGy\u00a0(RBE). Optical trigger signals are supported for beam gating; the total cardiac gating chain latency was below 30\u202fms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This technical feasibility study demonstrates a\u00a0prospective preclinical workflow for proton beam STAR, covering EAM-to-CT target transfer, TP across three benchmark clinical cases, and accelerator-side optical gating integration at a\u00a0synchrotron-based facility. The workflow demonstrates technical feasibility; however, full clinical translation still requires patient positioning and verification, motion characterization, and end-to-end validation. Future work will employ a\u00a0dynamic anthropomorphic phantom to characterize motion-induced dosimetric changes and assess plan robustness for proton and carbon ion beam delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-026-02599-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T06:12:30Z","timestamp":1790575950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a\u00a0prospective clinical workflow for proton beam therapy of ventricular tachycardia"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4800-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadna","family":"Cherit Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina C.","family":"Fuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Grehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Trojani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Schmitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Gruber-Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Georg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Fossati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Blanck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2599_CR1","unstructured":"Foth C, Gangwani MK, Alvey H (2018) Ventricular tachycardia. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK459240\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"2599_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052","volume":"145","author":"CW Tsao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsao\u00a0CW, Aday\u00a0AW, Almarzooq\u00a0ZI, Alonso\u00a0A, Beaton\u00a0AZ, Bittencourt\u00a0MS, Boehme\u00a0AK, Buxton\u00a0AE, Carson\u00a0AP, Commodore-Mensah\u00a0Y et\u00a0al (2022) Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142022 update: a report from the american heart association. 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