{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:17:57Z","timestamp":1767831477292,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]],"date-time":"2015-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-015-0570-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T11:35:59Z","timestamp":1441193759000},"page":"719-724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Femoral shaft fractures in young children (&lt;5\u00a0years of age): operative and non-operative treatments in clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Grauel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gielok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Illing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"570_CR1","first-page":"17","volume":"20","author":"A Kamphaus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kamphaus A, Rapp M, Wessel LM, et al. Epidemiologie von Frakturen der langen R\u00f6hrenknochen im Kindesalter\u2014Prospektive Erfassung unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung der LiLa Klassifikation [Epidemiology of long bone fractures in children\u2014prospective evaluation guided by the LiLa classification]. P\u00e4d. 2014;20:17\u201327.","journal-title":"P\u00e4d"},{"key":"570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.155","volume":"25","author":"MK M\u00e4yr\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00e4yr\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4 MK, M\u00e4kitie O, Kallio PE. Decreasing incidence and changing pattern of childhood fractures: a population-based study. J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25:2752\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3109\/17453671003628780","volume":"81","author":"EM Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hedstr\u00f6m EM, Svensson O, Bergstr\u00f6m U, et al. Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents. Acta Orthopaedica. 2010;81:148\u201353.","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica"},{"key":"570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181f8a903","volume":"71","author":"J Schalamon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schalamon J, Dampf S, Singer G, Ainoedhofer H, Petnehazy T, Hoellwarth ME, Saxena AK. Evaluation of fractures in children and adolescents in a level I trauma center in Austria. J Trauma. 2011;71:E19\u201325.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-012-9112-4","volume":"5","author":"BE Heyworth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heyworth BE, Suppan CA, Kramer DE, et al. Management of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2012;5:120\u20135.","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32835c20e0","volume":"25","author":"J Brousil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brousil J, Hunter JB. Femoral fractures in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2013;25:52\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B10.17517","volume":"88","author":"LA Moroz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moroz LA, Launay F, Kocher MS, et al. Titanium elastic nailing of fractures of the femur in children. Predictors of complications and poor outcome. J Bone Joint Surg. 2006;88:1361\u20136.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71878-X","volume":"365","author":"JG Wright","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wright JG, Wang EE, Owen JL, et al. Treatment of paediatric femoral fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2005;365:1153\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heffernan MJ, Gordon JE, Sabatini CS et al. Treatment of femur fractures in young children: a mulitcenter comparison of flexible intramedullary nails to spica casting in young children aged 2\u20136\u00a0years. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:126\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000268"},{"key":"570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strohm P, Schmittenbecher PP. Femurschaftfrakturen bei Kindern unter 3 Jahren. Aktueller Behandungsstandard [Femoral shaft fractures in children under 3\u00a0years old. Current treatment standard]. Unfallchirurg. 2015;118:48\u201352.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-014-2639-7"},{"key":"570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009076","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009076.pub2","volume":"7","author":"V Madhuri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Madhuri V, Dutt V, Gahukamble AD, et al. Interventions for treating femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;7:CD009076. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD009076.pub2 .","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"570_CR12","unstructured":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Treatment of paediatric diaphyseal femur fractures. 2009. http:\/\/www.aaos.org\/research\/guidelines\/pdffguideline.pdf . Accessed 22 May 2015."},{"key":"570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000230329.06460.f7","volume":"26","author":"SH Mubarak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mubarak SH, Frick S, Sink E, et al. Volkmann contracture and compartment syndromes after femur fractures in children treated with 90790 spica casts. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:567\u201372.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182032075","volume":"31","author":"R DiFazio","year":"2011","unstructured":"DiFazio R, Vessey J, Zurakowski D, et al. Incidence of skin complications and associated charges in children treated with hip spica casts for femur fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:17\u201322.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AWMF-Leitlinie Femurschaftfraktur. German Guidelines of the AWMF Study Group. 2014. http:\/\/www.awmf.org\/uploads\/tx_szleitlinien\/006-016l-S1_Femurschaftfraktur.pdf . Accessed 22 May 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44138-1_1"},{"key":"570_CR16","first-page":"449","volume":"98","author":"W Braun","year":"1995","unstructured":"Braun W, Zerai H, Mayr E, et al. Pediatric femoral shaft fractures: effect of treatment procedure on results with reference to somatic and psychological aspects. Unfallchirurg. 1995;98:449\u201353.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199501000-00009","volume":"15","author":"JF Curtis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Curtis JF, Killian JT, Alonso JE. Improved treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children utilizing the pontoon spica cast: a long-term follow-up. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15:36\u201340.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199903000-00017","volume":"19","author":"AA Stans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stans AA, Morrissy RT, Renwick SE. Femoral shaft fracture treatment in patient\u2019s age 6\u201316\u00a0years. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999;19:222\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-001-0304-6","volume":"26","author":"CW Oh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oh CW, Park BC, Kim PT, et al. Retrograde flexible intramedullary nailing in children\u2019s femoral fractures. Int Orthop. 2002;26:52\u20135.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000164872.44195.4f","volume":"25","author":"EL Sink","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sink EL, Gralla J, Repine M. Complications of pediatric femur fractures treated with titanium elastic nails: a comparison of fracture types. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:577\u201380.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR21","first-page":"499","volume":"73","author":"M Rapp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rapp M, Albers K, Kaiser MM. Korrektureingriffe nach Operationen bei Femurschaftfrakturen im Kindesalter [Corrective procedures after operation of femoral shaft fractures in children]. Chir Praxis. 2011;73:499\u2013512.","journal-title":"Chir Praxis"},{"key":"570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salonen A, Lahdes-Vasama, Mattila VM, V\u00e4lipakka J, Pajulo O. Pitfalls of femoral titanium elastic nailing. Scand J Surg. 2015;104:121\u20136.","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496914529275"},{"key":"570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-008-0112-2","volume":"2","author":"E Nectoux","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nectoux E, Giacomelli MC, Karger C, et al. Use of end caps in elastic stable intramedullary nailing of femoral and tibial unstable fractures in children: preliminary results in 11 fractures. J Child Orthop. 2008;2:309\u201314.","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-6-46","volume":"6","author":"MM Kaiser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaiser MM, Zachert G, Wendlandt R, et al. Biomechanical analysis of a synthetic femoral spiral fracture model: do end caps improve retrograde flexible intramedullary nail fixation? J Orthop Surg Res. 2011;6:46.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"570_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-3","volume":"15","author":"MM Kaiser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaiser MM, Stratmann C, Zachert G, et al. Modification of elastic stable intramedullary nailing with a 3rd nail in a femoral spiral fracture model\u2014results of biomechanical testing and a prospective clinical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:3.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-014-1977-5","volume":"57","author":"AC Sa\u00df","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sa\u00df AC, Poethko-M\u00fcller C, Rommel A, et al. Das Unfallgeschehen im Kindes- und Jugendalter\u2014Aktuelle Pr\u00e4valenzen, Determinanten und Zeitvergleich. Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie [Unintentional injuries in childhood and adolescence: current prevalence, determinants, and trends. Results of the KiGGS study]. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 2014;57:789\u201397.","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl"},{"key":"570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31821f9027","volume":"31","author":"J Heideken","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heideken J, Svensson T, Blomqvist P, et al. Incidence and trends in femur shaft fractures in Swedish children between 1987 and 2005. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:512\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1002\/ebch.1941","volume":"8","author":"S Maguire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maguire S, Cowley L, Mann M, et al. What does the recent literature add to the identification and investigation of fractures in child abuse: an overview of review updates 2005\u20132013. Evid Based Child Health. 2013;8:2044\u201357.","journal-title":"Evid Based Child Health"},{"key":"570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0614","volume":"115","author":"MC Pierce","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pierce MC, Bertocci GE, Janosky JE, et al. Femur fractures resulting from stair falls among children: an injury plausibility model. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1712\u201322.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.125487","volume":"48","author":"N Catena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Catena N, S\u00e9n\u00e8s FM, Riganti S, et al. Diaphyseal femoral fractures below the age of 6\u00a0years: results of plaster application and long term follow up. Indian J Orthop. 2014;48:30\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0448-5","volume":"6","author":"YM Assaghir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Assaghir YM. Titanium elastic nail in femur fractures as an alternative to spica cast in preschoolers. J Child Orthop. 2012;6:505\u201311.","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-015-0570-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-015-0570-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-015-0570-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-015-0570-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,13]],"date-time":"2023-08-13T16:58:09Z","timestamp":1691945889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-015-0570-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-015-0570-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]]}}}