{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:13:25Z","timestamp":1786979605167,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-0992-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T00:55:17Z","timestamp":1535072117000},"page":"777-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Management of cervical spine trauma in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Phillip Correia","family":"Copley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Tilliridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jothy","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.20720","volume":"36","author":"JC Patel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patel JC, Tepas JJ III, Mollitt DL, Pieper P. Pediatric cervical spine injuries: defining the disease. J Pediatr Surg. 2001;36(2):373\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jpsu.2001.20720\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"992_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E377-84","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000307","volume":"28","author":"F Baumann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baumann F, Ernstberger T, Neumann C, Nerlich M, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR, et al. Pediatric cervical spine injuries: a rare but challenging entity. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2015;28(7):E377-84. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000307\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.1997.11719445","volume":"20","author":"LC Vogel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vogel LC. Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: etiology and pathophysiology. J Spinal Cord Med. 1997;20(1):10\u20133.","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12144","volume":"25","author":"TA Huisman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huisman TA, Phelps T, Bosemani T, Tekes A, Poretti A. Parturitional injury of the head and neck. J Neuroimaging. 2015;25(2):151\u201366. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jon.12144\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-010-1342-4","volume":"27","author":"M Mortazavi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mortazavi M, Gore PA, Chang S, Tubbs RS, Theodore N. Pediatric cervical spine injuries: a comprehensive review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2011;27(5):705\u201317. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-010-1342-4\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.1.0114","volume":"57","author":"D Pang","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pang D, Wilberger JE. Jr. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children. J Neurosurg. 1982;57(1):114\u201329. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.57.1.0114\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.110","volume":"53","author":"T Carroll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carroll T, Smith CD, Liu X, Bonaventura B, Mann N, Liu J, et al. Spinal cord injuries without radiologic abnormality in children: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2015;53(12):842\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2015.110\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"10","key":"992_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80468-7","volume":"16","author":"C Huerta","year":"1987","unstructured":"Huerta C, Griffith R, Joyce SM. Cervical spine stabilization in pediatric patients: evaluation of current techniques. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16(10):1121\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"992_CR9","volume-title":"Advanced paediatric life support: a practical approach to emergencies (APLS)","author":"ALS Group","year":"2016","unstructured":"Group ALS. Advanced paediatric life support: a practical approach to emergencies (APLS), 6th Ed. Wiley, Hoboken. 2016.","edition":"6"},{"key":"992_CR10","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.\u00a0Spinal injury: assessment and initial management.\u00a0(NICE guideline 41). 2014. \n                    https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng41\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199306040-00004","volume":"6","author":"CA Dickman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dickman CA, Papadopoulos SM, Sonntag VK, Spetzler RF, Rekate HL, Drabier J. Traumatic occipitoatlantal dislocations. J Spinal Disord. 1993;6(4):300\u201313.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971010-00004","volume":"71","author":"JE Herzenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Herzenberg JE, Hensinger RN, Dedrick DK, Phillips WA. Emergency transport and positioning of young children who have an injury of the cervical spine. The standard backboard may be hazardous. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71(1):15\u201322.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"20","key":"992_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001","volume":"322","author":"MB Bracken","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, Holford TR, Young W, Baskin DS, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(20):1405\u201311. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199005173222001\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"992_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440031029","volume":"277","author":"MB Bracken","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, Leo-Summers L, Aldrich EF, Fazl M, et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA. 1997;277(20):1597\u2013604.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-011-3012-3","volume":"28","author":"JN Pettiford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pettiford JN, Bikhchandani J, Ostlie DJ, St Peter SD, Sharp RJ, Juang D. A review: the role of high dose methylprednisolone in spinal cord trauma in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2012;28(3):287\u201394. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-011-3012-3\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"992_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765c6","volume":"72","author":"RJ Hurlbert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hurlbert RJ, Hadley MN, Walters BC, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, Gelb DE, et al. Pharmacological therapy for acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(Suppl 2):93\u2013105. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765c6\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"992_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000412","volume":"61","author":"MG Fehlings","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Wilson JR, Cho N. Methylprednisolone for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury: counterpoint. Neurosurgery. 2014;61(Suppl 1):36\u201342. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000412\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"24 Suppl","key":"992_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112151-00015","volume":"26","author":"FH Geisler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geisler FH, Coleman WP, Grieco G, Poonian D, Sygen Study G. The Sygen multicenter acute spinal cord injury study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26(24 Suppl):87\u201398.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"992_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahuja CS, Martin AR, Fehlings M. Recent advances in managing a spinal cord injury secondary to trauma. F1000Res. 2016;5. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.7586.1\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7586.1"},{"issue":"8","key":"992_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1147","volume":"28","author":"JC Furlan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furlan JC, Noonan V, Cadotte DW, Fehlings MG. Timing of decompressive surgery of spinal cord after traumatic spinal cord injury: an evidence-based examination of pre-clinical and clinical studies. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(8):1371\u201399. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2009.1147\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e20","volume":"108","author":"P Viccellio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viccellio P, Simon H, Pressman BD, Shah MN, Mower WR, Hoffman JR, et al. A prospective multicenter study of cervical spine injury in children. Pediatrics. 2001;108(2):E20.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80059-9","volume":"21","author":"JR Hoffman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hoffman JR, Schriger DL, Mower W, Luo JS, Zucker M. Low-risk criteria for cervical-spine radiography in blunt trauma: a prospective study. Ann Emerg Med. 1992;21(12):1454\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"992_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318277096c","volume":"72","author":"CJ Rozzelle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rozzelle CJ, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, Gelb DE, Hurlbert RJ, Ryken TC, et al. Management of pediatric cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(Suppl 2):205\u201326. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318277096c\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000311348.43207.B7","volume":"62","author":"HJ Garton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garton HJ, Hammer MR. Detection of pediatric cervical spine injury. Neurosurgery. 2008;62(3):700\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000311348.43207.B7\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"992_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.6951","volume":"35","author":"C Buhs","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buhs C, Cullen M, Klein M, Farmer D. The pediatric trauma C-spine: is the \u2018odontoid\u2019 view necessary? J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(6):994\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jpsu.2000.6951\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W417-25","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.8150","volume":"198","author":"TN Booth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Booth TN. Cervical spine evaluation in pediatric trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;198(5):W417-25. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.11.8150\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"992_CR27","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Head injury: triage, assessment, investigation and early management of head injury in infants, children and adults. (Clinical guideline 176). 2014. \n                    https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/CG176\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W1303","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.6288","volume":"199","author":"D Vermess","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vermess D, Rojas CA, Shaheen F, Roy P, Martinez CR. Normal pediatric prevertebral soft-tissue thickness on MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199(1):W130\u20133. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.10.6288\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.188.2.8327708","volume":"188","author":"LE Swischuk","year":"1993","unstructured":"Swischuk LE, Swischuk PN, John SD. Wedging of C-3 in infants and children: usually a normal finding and not a fracture. Radiology. 1993;188(2):523\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.188.2.8327708\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"992_CR30","first-page":"1599","volume":"19","author":"KW Marshall","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marshall KW, Koch BL, Egelhoff JC. Air bag-related deaths and serious injuries in children: injury patterns and imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19(9):1599\u2013607.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"992_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000365802.02410.C5","volume":"66","author":"M Garrett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garrett M, Consiglieri G, Kakarla UK, Chang SW, Dickman CA. Occipitoatlantal dislocation. Neurosurgery. 2010;66(3 Suppl):48\u201355. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.NEU.0000365802.02410.C5\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i2.236","volume":"6","author":"GC Hall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hall GC, Kinsman MJ, Nazar RG, Hruska RT, Mansfield KJ, Boakye M, et al. Atlanto-occipital dislocation. World J Orthop. 2015;6(2):236\u201343. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5312\/wjo.v6.i2.236\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(93)90015-S","volume":"39","author":"O Harmanli","year":"1993","unstructured":"Harmanli O, Koyfman Y. Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation with survival: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 1993;39(4):324\u201330.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"992_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765e0","volume":"72","author":"N Theodore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Theodore N, Aarabi B, Dhall SS, Gelb DE, Hurlbert RJ, Rozzelle CJ, et al. The diagnosis and management of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation injuries. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(Suppl 2):114\u201326. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765e0\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"992_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015150035","volume":"35","author":"R Riascos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riascos R, Bonfante E, Cotes C, Guirguis M, Hakimelahi R, West C. Imaging of Atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial traumatic injuries: what the radiologist needs to know. Radiographics. 2015;35(7):2121\u201334. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.2015150035\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.2.113","volume":"6","author":"EM Horn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Horn EM, Feiz-Erfan I, Lekovic GP, Dickman CA, Sonntag VK, Theodore N. Survivors of occipitoatlantal dislocation injuries: imaging and clinical correlates. J Neurosurg Spine. 2007;6(2):113\u201320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/spi.2007.6.2.113\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199601000-00012","volume":"38","author":"CA Dickman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dickman CA, Greene KA, Sonntag VK. Injuries involving the transverse atlantal ligament: classification and treatment guidelines based upon experience with 39 injuries. Neurosurgery. 1996;38(1):44\u201350.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"992_CR38","first-page":"338","volume":"96","author":"PA Lo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lo PA, Drake JM, Hedden D, Narotam P, Dirks PB. Avulsion transverse ligament injuries in children: successful treatment with nonoperative management. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(3 Suppl):338\u201342.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"992_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3224-5","volume":"45","author":"JA Rusin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rusin JA, Ruess L, Daulton RS. New C2 synchondrosal fracture classification system. Pediatr Radiol. 2015;45(6):872\u201381. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-014-3224-5\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1376371","volume":"4","author":"SY Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang SY, Boniello AJ, Poorman CE, Chang AL, Wang S, Passias PG. A review of the diagnosis and treatment of atlantoaxial dislocations. Global Spine J. 2014;4(3):197\u2013210. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1376371\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"992_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2011.4.2029","volume":"12","author":"KA Robson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Robson KA. Os odontoideum: rare cervical lesion. West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(4):520\u20132. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/westjem.2011.4.2029\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0679","volume":"56","author":"CJ Roche","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roche CJ, O\u2019Malley M, Dorgan JC, Carty HM. A pictorial review of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: key points for the radiologist. Clin Radiol. 2001;56(12):947\u201358. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/crad.2001.0679\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000180052.81699.81","volume":"57","author":"D Pang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pang D, Li V. Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: part 3-a prospective study of the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of children with atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(5):954\u201372.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000128","volume":"34","author":"MP Glotzbecker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Glotzbecker MP, Wasser AM, Hresko MT, Karlin LI, Emans JB, Hedequist DJ. Efficacy of nonfusion treatment for subacute and chronic atlanto-axial rotatory fixation in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2014;34(5):490\u20135. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000128\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"992_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000341","volume":"35","author":"RF Murphy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murphy RF, Davidson AR, Kelly DM, Warner WC Jr, Sawyer JR. Subaxial cervical spine injuries in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35(2):136\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000341\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"992_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.890944","volume":"79","author":"D Szwedowski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Szwedowski D, Walecki J. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)\u2014clinical and radiological aspects. Pol J Radiol. 2014;79:461\u20134. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/PJR.890944\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"992_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199509000-00013","volume":"77","author":"JP Dormans","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dormans JP, Criscitiello AA, Drummond DS, Davidson RS. Complications in children managed with immobilization in a halo vest. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(9):1370\u20133.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"992_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199209000-00009","volume":"5","author":"EC Benzel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Benzel EC, Larson SJ, Kerk JJ, Millington PJ, Novak SM, Falkner RH, et al. The thermoplastic Minerva body jacket: a clinical comparison with other cervical spine splinting techniques. J Spinal Disord. 1992;5(3):311\u20139.","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"992_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12071","volume":"24","author":"G Orman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Orman G, Tekes A, Poretti A, Robertson C, Huisman TA. Posttraumatic carotid artery dissection in children: not to be missed! J Neuroimaging. 2014;24(5):467\u201372. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jon.12071\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"992_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2547-8","volume":"31","author":"AS Pandey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pandey AS, Hill E, Al-Holou WN, Gemmete JJ, Chaudhary N, Thompson BG, et al. Management of pediatric craniocervical arterial dissections. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015;31(1):101\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2547-8\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"992_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3171-6","volume":"32","author":"A Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang A, Santarelli JG, Stiefel MF. Traumatic cervical internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm in a child refractory to initial endovascular treatment: case report and technical considerations. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016;32(12):2459\u201364. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-016-3171-6\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"992_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.189696","volume":"39","author":"ES Roach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roach ES, Golomb MR, Adams R, Biller J, Daniels S, Deveber G, et al. Management of stroke in infants and children: a scientific statement from a Special Writing Group of the American Heart Association Stroke Council and the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Stroke. 2008;39(9):2644\u201391. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.189696\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"992_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765f5","volume":"72","author":"MR Harrigan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harrigan MR, Hadley MN, Dhall SS, Walters BC, Aarabi B, Gelb DE, et al. Management of vertebral artery injuries following non-penetrating cervical trauma. Neurosurgery. 2013;72(Suppl 2):234\u201343. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827765f5\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"992_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2016.09.015","volume":"19","author":"ONH Lucas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lucas ONH, Davies JM, Reynold R, Bass KD. Endovascular treatment of a carotid artery pseudoaneurysm due to penetrating trauma in a pediatric patient. J Pediatr Surg Case Rep. 2017;19:19\u201321.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg Case Rep"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-018-0992-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-018-0992-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-018-0992-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T20:39:46Z","timestamp":1571085586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-018-0992-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-018-0992-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}