{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:09:13Z","timestamp":1778530153255,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The position of the wrist during cast immobilisation following closed reduction of distal radius fractures is disputed. A systematic review was initiated to assess if there was any relation between wrist position in the cast and outcome in adult patients with non-operatively treated distal radius fractures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A comprehensive search was performed in the bibliographic databases Medline, Embase and Wiley\/Cochrane Library from inception up to 27 November 2020. Eligible studies were: randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective comparative cohort studies, analysing different positions of the wrist in cast-immobilisation following closed reduction. Primary outcome of the study was functional outcome measured by range of motion. Secondary outcomes were functional outcomes measured by grip strength, patient-reported outcome, radiological outcome and complications such as secondary dislocation and pain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The initial search yielded 2733 studies. Five trials, with 519 patients, were included in this systematic review. Range of motion and radiological outcome was significantly better in patients who were immobilised in dorsiflexion compared to palmar flexion or neutral position, although no clinical important difference was found. There were no significant differences in patient-reported outcome, pain, grip strength or complications. Due to heterogeneity of the included studies, data were unsuitable for a meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This systematic review showed statistically significant better results in favour of cast immobilisation in dorsiflexion, although this small difference does not seem to be relevant in patients daily activities.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Systematic review registration number<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018085546.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-021-01751-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T13:38:53Z","timestamp":1628602733000},"page":"1751-1757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Does position of the wrist during cast immobilisation in patients with distal radius fractures affect outcome?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2786-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva Anna Klazina","family":"van Delft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0811-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara Geertruda","family":"van Gelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefrey","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels Willem Luitzen","family":"Schep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-4946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank Willen","family":"Bloemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130","volume":"37","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Ceasar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review. Injury. 2006;37(8):691\u20137.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"1751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.01.016","volume":"31","author":"MR Bong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bong MR, Egol KA, Leibman M, Koval KJ. A comparison of immediate postreduction splinting constructs for controlling initial displacement of fractures of the distal radius: a prospective randomized study of long-arm versus short-arm splinting. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(5):766\u201370.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2012.02.005","volume":"28","author":"RJ Diaz-Garcia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diaz-Garcia RJ, Chung KC. Common myths and evidence in the management of distal radius fractures. Hand Clin. 2012;28(2):127\u201333.","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.55B3.540","volume":"55","author":"C Pool","year":"1973","unstructured":"Pool C. Colles\u2019s fracture. A prospective study of treatment. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 1973;55(3):540\u20134.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"1751_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2015.03.006","volume":"6","author":"RK Baruah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baruah RK, Islam M, Haque R. Immobilisation of extra-articular distal radius fractures (Colles type) in dorsiflexion: the functional and anatomical outcome. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2015;6(3):167\u201372.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR6","first-page":"236","volume":"14","author":"M Grle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grle M, Miljko M, Grle I, Hod\u017ei\u0107 F, Kapid\u017ei\u0107 T. Early results of the conservative treatment of distal radius fractures-immobilization of the wrist in dorsal versus palmar flexion. Med Glas. 2017;14(2):236\u201343.","journal-title":"Med Glas"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B2.2005163","volume":"73","author":"A Gupta","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gupta A. The treatment of Colles\u2019 fracture. Immobilisation with the wrist dorsiflexed. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 1991;73(2):312\u20135.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"issue":"10","key":"1751_CR8","first-page":"534","volume":"97","author":"G Blatter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Blatter G, Papp P, Magerl F. Comparative study of two methods of plaster cast fixation in the treatment of Colles\u2019 fracture. A prospective randomized study. Unfallchirurg. 1994;97(10):534\u201340.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR9","first-page":"221","volume":"65","author":"AGF Gibson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gibson AGF, Bannister GC. Bracing or plaster for Colles\u2019 fractures? A randomised prospective controlled trial. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 1983;65(2):221.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"issue":"8","key":"1751_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163080-00009","volume":"63","author":"W van der Linden","year":"1981","unstructured":"van der Linden W, Ericson R. Colles\u2019 fracture. How should its displacement be measured and how should it be immobilized? J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1981;63(8):1285\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678208992206","volume":"53","author":"O Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wahlstr\u00f6m O. Treatment of Colles\u2019 fracture. A prospective comparison of three different positions of immobilization. Acta Orthop Scand. 1982;53(2):225\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"1751_CR12","first-page":"CD000314","volume":"2","author":"HHG Handoll","year":"2003","unstructured":"Handoll HHG, Madhok R. Conservative interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2:CD000314.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR13","first-page":"109","volume":"29","author":"C Wilson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wilson C, Venner RM. Colles\u2019 fracture. Immobilisation in pronation or supination? J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1984;29(2):109\u201311.","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"issue":"3","key":"1751_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1017\/S1481803500012239","volume":"12","author":"E Grafstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, Christenson J, Innes G, MacCormack R, Jackson C, Stothers K, Goetz T. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing circumferential casting and splinting in displaced Colles fractures. Can J Emerg Med. 2010;12(3):192\u2013200.","journal-title":"Can J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.40258","volume":"42","author":"S Rajan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rajan S, Jain S, Ray A, Bhargava P. Radiological and functional outcome in extra-articular fractures of lower end radius treated conservatively with respect to its position of immobilization. Indian J Orthop. 2008;42(2):201\u20137.","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"10","key":"1751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","volume":"62","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1751_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"C Gummesson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gummesson C, Atroshi I, Ekdahl C. The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire: longitudinal construct validity and measuring self-rated health change after surgery. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2003;4(11):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"1751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199811000-00009","volume":"12","author":"JC MacDermid","year":"1998","unstructured":"MacDermid JC, Turgeon T, Richards RS, Beadle M, Roth JH. Patient rating of wrist pain and disability: a reliable and valid measurement tool. J Orthop Trauma. 1998;12(8):577\u201386.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"1751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). Med Care. 1992;30(6):473\u201383.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","volume":"34","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220\u201333.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557030-00004","volume":"57","author":"A Sarmiento","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sarmiento A, Pratt GW, Berry NC, Sinclair WF. Colles\u2019 fractures: functional bracing in supination. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1975;57(3):311\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"1751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1959.30.suppl-41.01","volume":"30","author":"A Lidstr\u00f6m","year":"1959","unstructured":"Lidstr\u00f6m A. Fractures of the distal end of the radius: a clinical and statistical study of end results. Acta Orthop Scand. 1959;30:1\u2013118.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"1751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.01.043","volume":"37","author":"RP Calfee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Calfee RP, Adams AA. Clinical research and patient-rated outcome measures in hand surgery. J Hand Surg Am. 2012;37:851\u20135.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"1751_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(89)90005-6","volume":"10","author":"R Jaeschke","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jaeschke R, Singer J, Guyatt GH. Measurement of health status: ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Control Clin Trials. 1989;10:407\u201315.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"1751_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01744","volume":"94","author":"MV Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith MV, Calfee RP, Baumgarten KM, Brophy RH, Wright RW. Upper extremity-specific measures of disability and outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2012;94:277\u201385.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"1751_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4376-9","volume":"473","author":"MM Walenkamp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walenkamp MM, de Muinck Keizer RJ, Goslings JC, Vos LM, Rosenwasser MP, Schep NWL. The minimum clinically important difference of the patient-rated wrist evaluation score for patients with distal radius fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(10):3235\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1751_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.4893","volume":"44","author":"F Franchignoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franchignoni F, Vercelli S, Giordano A, Sartorio F, Bravini E, Ferriero G. Minimal clinically important difference of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand outcome measure (DASH) and its shortened version (QuickDASH). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(1):30\u20139.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"1751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.31.75","volume":"1","author":"RW Bohannon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bohannon RW. Minimal clinically important difference for grip strength: a systematic review. J Phys Ther Sci. 2019;1:75\u20138.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1751_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193417721446","volume":"43","author":"M\u00c5 Wadsten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wadsten M\u00c5, Sj\u00f6d\u00e9n GO, Buttazzoni GG, Buttazzoni C, Englund E, Sayed-Noor AS. The influence of late displacement in distal radius fractures on function, grip strength, range of motion and quality of life. J Hand Surg EU. 2018;43(2):131\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg EU"},{"issue":"12","key":"1751_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x","volume":"8","author":"PE Bijur","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher J. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2001;8(12):1153\u20137.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1751_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.37.4.378","volume":"37","author":"WW Downie","year":"1978","unstructured":"Downie WW, Leatham PA, Rhind VM, Wright V, Branco JA, Anderson JA. Studies with pain rating scales. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978;37(4):378\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-021-01751-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-021-01751-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-021-01751-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T18:17:47Z","timestamp":1655144267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-021-01751-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-021-01751-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent\/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}