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One possibility could be testing for different therapeutic strategies with differently coated plates. Therefore, a clinically realistic model is required. The pig offers the best comparability to the human situation, thus it was chosen for this model. The present study characterizes a novel model of a standardized low-grade acute osteitis with bone defect in the femur in mini-pigs, which is stabilized by a titanium locking plate to enable further studies with various coatings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A bone defect was performed on the femur of 7 Aachen mini-pigs and infected with Methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA ATCC 33592). The defect zone was stabilized with a titanium plate. After 14\u00a0days, a plate change, wound debridement and lavage were performed. Finally, after 42\u00a0days, the animals were lavaged and debrided again, followed by euthanasia. The fracture healing was evaluated radiologically and histologically.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A local osteitis with radiologically visible lysis of the bone could be established. The unchanged high Colony-forming Units (CFU) in lavage, the significant differences in Interleukin (IL)-6 in blood compared to lavage and the lack of increase in Alkaline Phosphates (ALP) in serum over the entire observation period show the constant local infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study shows the successful induction of local osteitis with lysis of the bone and the lack of enzymatic activity to mineralize the bone. Therefore, this standardized mini-pig model can be used in further clinical studies, to investigate various coated implants, bone healing, biofilm formation and immune response in implant-associated osteitis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-01894-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T06:27:42Z","timestamp":1645684062000},"page":"3279-3285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Plate-associated localized osteitis in mini-pig by biofilm-forming Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): establishment of a novel experimental model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2188-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Jaekel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ceylan D.","family":"Windolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena M.","family":"Wollschl\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hoffmanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan P.","family":"Grassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1894_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-102215-095547","volume":"70","author":"JR Fitzgerald","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fitzgerald JR, Holden MTG. 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