{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:34:59Z","timestamp":1770770099579,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of intramedullary fixation of AO type 31-A1 fractures is rising, despite evidence of non-superiority when compared with extramedullary fixation. The aim of this study was to evaluate mobility and living status for extramedullary fixation (EMF) versus intramedullary fixation (IMF) in Dutch hospitals during the initial hospital stay and until three-months after trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on patient characteristics, mobility, living status, complications, reoperation, and mortality were extracted from the Dutch Hip Fracture Audit Indicator Taskforce. Data were collected for patients (&gt;\u200965\u00a0years) at baseline, at discharge, and at three-months follow-up. Univariate analysis was used for comparing the EMF versus IMF group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 836 patients were included; 138 (16%) were treated with EMF and 698 (84%) with IMF. No significant differences were found between groups for the overall complication rate during the initial hospital stay (EMF: n\u2009=\u200955 (40%) versus IMF: n\u2009=\u2009270 (39%)). Patients treated with EMF showed better mobility at discharge (mobility with frame\/2 supports or better, EMF 77% versus IMF 50%), but otherwise no significant difference was found after a three-month follow-up (EMF 80% versus IMF 82%), suggesting faster improved mobility for IMF. However, matched subgroup analysis showed no meaningful differences in rates of deteriorated mobility or living status after three months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed no meaningful differences between EMF and IMF of type 31-A1 trochanteric fractures during hospital stay and until three-month follow-up. Despite little differences in outcome and EMF being the treatment option of first choice by the Dutch Hip fracture guideline, IMF is used in the vast majority of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02749-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T11:04:10Z","timestamp":1736507050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mobility and living status at discharge and after three-months for extramedullary versus intramedullary fixation of AO type 31-A1 trochanteric fractures; an analysis of Dutch hip fracture audit data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Miliaan L.","family":"Zeelenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther M. M.","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taco","family":"Gosens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes H.","family":"Hegeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Den Hartog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H. J.","family":"Verhofstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Stable-HIP group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Joosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf W.","family":"Poolman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna C.","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rutger G.","family":"Zuurmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Dutch Hip Fracture Audit indicator Taskforce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"De Klerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O. C.","family":"Geraghty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. A. F.","family":"Luning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. H. P.","family":"Niggebrugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Regtuijt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Snoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Van der Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. J. M. M.","family":"Verleisdonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002465","volume":"481","author":"Y Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong Y, Zhang Y, Song K, Kang H, Ye D, Li F. What was the epidemiology and global burden of disease of hip fractures from 1990 to 2019? Results from and additional analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022;481:1209\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2749_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12586","volume":"281","author":"M Katsoulis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katsoulis M, Benetou V, Karapetyan T, Feskanich D, Grodstein F, Pettersson-Kymmer U, et al. Excess mortality after hip fracture in elderly persons from Europe and the USA: the CHANCES project. J Intern Med. 2017;281(3):300\u201310.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2749_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00172-0","volume":"2","author":"GBDF Collaborators","year":"2021","unstructured":"Collaborators GBDF. Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021;2(9):e580\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"2749_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06774-y","volume":"34","author":"ML Zeelenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeelenberg ML, Den Hartog D, Panneman MJM, Polinder S, Verhofstad MHJ, Van Lieshout EMM. Trends in incidence, health care consumption, and costs for proximal femoral fractures in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2019: a nationwide study. Osteoporos Int. 2023;34:1389\u201399.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2749_CR5","unstructured":"AO. AO classification proximal femur fractures: Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Osteosynthesefragen (AO); 2023 [updated 2020. Available from: https:\/\/surgeryreference.aofoundation.org\/orthopedic-trauma\/adult-trauma\/proximal-femur."},{"key":"2749_CR6","unstructured":"NICE Guidelines. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines, Hip fracture management. 2020\/02\/20 ed2017."},{"key":"2749_CR7","unstructured":"Multidiciplinaire werkgroep Nederlandse Orthopaedische Vereniging & Nederlandse Vereniging voor Heelkunde Behandeling pertrochantere fracturen (Dutch Hip Fracture Guideline): Federatie Medisch Specialisten; 2016 [updated 1 september 2016. Available from: https:\/\/richtlijnendatabase.nl\/richtlijn\/proximale_femurfracturen\/pertrochantere_femurfractuur\/behandeling_pertrochantere_fracturen.html."},{"key":"2749_CR8","unstructured":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Management of Hip Fractures in Older Adults Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. : American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2021 [updated December 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.aaos.org\/hipfxcpg.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"2749_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2010.506631","volume":"81","author":"C Rogmark","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rogmark C, Spetz CL, Garellick G. More intramedullary nails and arthroplasties for treatment of hip fractures in Sweden. Acta Orthop. 2010;81(5):588\u201392.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"2749_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00517","volume":"90","author":"JO Anglen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anglen JO, Weinstein JN, American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Research C. Nail or plate fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures: changing pattern of practice. A review of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Database. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(4):700\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"2749_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00295","volume":"92","author":"ML Forte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Forte ML, Virnig BA, Eberly LE, Swiontkowski MF, Feldman R, Bhandari M, Kane RL. Provider factors associated with intramedullary nail use for intertrochanteric hip fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(5):1105\u201314.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"2749_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.05.002","volume":"47","author":"PR Page","year":"2016","unstructured":"Page PR, Lord R, Jawad A, Dawe E, Stott P, Rogers B, Gill R. Changing trends in the management of intertrochanteric hip fractures\u2014a single centre experience. Injury. 2016;47(7):1525\u20139.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2749_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.22.00316","volume":"104","author":"HS Pyrhonen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pyrhonen HS, Lagergren J, Wolf O, Bojan A, Mukka S, Moller M, Rogmark C. No difference in conversion rate to hip arthroplasty after intramedullary nail or sliding hip screw for extracapsular hip fractures: an observational cohort study of 19,604 individuals. J Bone Joint Surg. 2022;104:1703\u201311.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2749_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.104B2.BJJ-2021-1078.R1","volume":"104","author":"KML Gronhaug","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gronhaug KML, Dybvik E, Matre K, Ostman B, Gjertsen JE. Intramedullary nail versus sliding hip screw for stable and unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures\u202f: 17,341 patients from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register. Bone Joint J. 2022;104(2):274\u201382.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"issue":"7","key":"2749_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-021-03824-0","volume":"142","author":"MPL Van der Sijp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van der Sijp MPL, de Groot M, Meylaerts SA, du Pre KJ, Verhage SM, Schipper IB, Niggebrugge AHP. High risks of failure observed for A1 trochanteric femoral fractures treated with a DHS compared to the PFNA in a prospective observational cohort study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022;142(7):1459\u201367.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2749_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B.BJJ-2020-1490.R1","volume":"103","author":"JJ Mellema","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mellema JJ, Janssen S, Schouten T, Haverkamp D, van den Bekerom MPJ, Ring D, et al. Intramedullary nailing versus sliding hip screw for A1 and A2 trochanteric hip fractures. Bone Joint J. 2021;103(4):775\u201381.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2749_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.11.006","volume":"53","author":"FS Wurdemann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wurdemann FS, Voeten SC, Krijnen P, Schipper IB. Variation in treatment of hip fractures and guideline adherence amongst surgeons with different training backgrounds in the Netherlands. Injury. 2022;53(3):1122\u201330.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"2749_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-019-0576-3","volume":"14","author":"SC Voeten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Voeten SC, Arends AJ, Wouters M, Blom BJ, Heetveld MJ, Slee-Valentijn MS, et al. The Dutch Hip Fracture Audit: evaluation of the quality of multidisciplinary hip fracture care in the Netherlands. Arch Osteoporos. 2019;14(1):28.","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"issue":"4","key":"2749_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003665","volume":"271","author":"N Beck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beck N, van Bommel AC, Eddes EH, van Leersum NJ, Tollenaar RA, Wouters MW. The Dutch Institute for clinical auditing: achieving Codman\u2019s dream on a Nationwide basis. Ann Surg. 2020;271(4):627\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2749_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","volume":"185","author":"S Katz","year":"1963","unstructured":"Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. Studies of illness in the aged. The Index of Adl: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA. 1963;185:914\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"2749_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.510.BJO-2024-0028.R1","volume":"5","author":"K Greve","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greve K, Ek S, Bartha E, Modig K, Hedstrom M. Sliding hip screw versus intramedullary nail for trochanteric hip fracture regarding death within 120 days and ability to return to independent living. Bone Jt Open. 2024;5(10):843\u201350.","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"2749_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.10.029","volume":"48","author":"MJ Parker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parker MJ. Sliding hip screw versus intramedullary nail for trochanteric hip fractures; a randomised trial of 1000 patients with presentation of results related to fracture stability. Injury. 2017;48(12):2762\u20137.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2749_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-023-04902-1","volume":"143","author":"ML Zeelenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeelenberg ML, Nugteren LHT, Plaisier AC, Loggers SAI, Joosse P, Den Hartog D, et al. Extramedullary versus intramedullary fixation of stable trochanteric femoral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143:5065\u201383.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2749_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2022.646","volume":"33","author":"M Alessio-Mazzola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alessio-Mazzola M, Traverso G, Coccarello F, Sanguineti F, Formica M. Dynamic hip screw versus intramedullary nailing for the treatment of A1 intertrochanteric fractures: a retrospective, comparative study and cost analysis. Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2022;33(2):314\u201322.","journal-title":"Jt Dis Relat Surg"},{"key":"2749_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1079-7","volume":"17","author":"W Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu W, Zhang X, Zhu X, Yu Z, Xu Y, Zha G, et al. Proximal femoral nails anti-rotation versus dynamic hip screws for treatment of stable intertrochanteric femur fractures: an outcome analyses with a minimum 4 years of follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:222.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"2749_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.310.BJO-2022-0104.R1","volume":"3","author":"TE Baldock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baldock TE, Dixon JR, Koubaesh C, Johansen A, Eardley WGP. Variation of implant use in A1 and A2 trochanteric hip fractures\u202f: a study from the National Hip Fracture Database of England and Wales. Bone Jt Open. 2022;3(10):741\u20135.","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"key":"2749_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215145932095900","DOI":"10.1177\/2151459320959005","volume":"11","author":"L Casnovsky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casnovsky L, Blaschke BL, Parikh HR, Flagstad I, Wise K, McMilan LJ, et al. Does implant selection affect the inpatient cost of care for geriatric intertrochanteric femur fractures? Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2020;11:2151459320959005.","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-024-02749-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-024-02749-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-024-02749-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T21:02:01Z","timestamp":1770757321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-024-02749-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-024-02749-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"6"}}