{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:38:13Z","timestamp":1787506693133,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02778-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T12:03:24Z","timestamp":1739448204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimizing acute pain management in trauma care: the role, structure and core principles of acute trauma pain services"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Kanika","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrish","family":"Nalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeepika","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvez M.","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2778_CR1","unstructured":"Injuries. accessed April 11, and violence n.d. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/injuries-and-violence (2024)."},{"key":"2778_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182169036","volume":"27","author":"SAA Berben","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berben SAA, Schoonhoven L, Meijs THJM, van Vugt AB, van Grunsven PM. Prevalence and relief of pain in trauma patients in emergency medical services. Clin J Pain. 2011;27:587\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182169036.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02477-y","volume":"15","author":"S Hachimi-Idrissi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hachimi-Idrissi S, Coffey F, Hautz WE, Leach R, Sauter TC, Sforzi I, et al. Approaching acute pain in emergency settings: European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) guidelines\u2014part 1: assessment. Intern Emerg Med. 2020;15:1125\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-020-02477-y.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2778_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-018-0101-1","volume":"7","author":"PD Di\u00dfmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di\u00dfmann PD, Maignan M, Cloves PD, Gutierrez Parres B, Dickerson S, Eberhardt A. A review of the Burden of Trauma Pain in Emergency settings in Europe. Pain Ther. 2018;7:179\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-018-0101-1.","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"2778_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.04.013","volume":"39","author":"SAA Berben","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berben SAA, Meijs THJM, van Dongen RTM, van Vugt AB, Vloet LCM, Groot JJM, et al. Pain prevalence and pain relief in trauma patients in the Accident & Emergency department. Injury. 2008;39:578\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2007.04.013.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2778_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-023-00521-1","volume":"12","author":"B Sevcik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sevcik B, Lobay K, Luu H, Martins KJB, Vu K, Nguyen PU, et al. Analgesic use among adults with a trauma-related Emergency Department visit: a retrospective cohort study from Alberta, Canada. Pain Ther. 2023;12:1039\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-023-00521-1.","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"2778_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182452df5","volume":"72","author":"KR Archer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Archer KR, Castillo RC, Wegener ST, Abraham CM, Obremskey WT. Pain and satisfaction in hospitalized trauma patients: the importance of self-efficacy and psychological distress. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72:1068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182452df5.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2778_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000081722.09164.D5","volume":"97","author":"CL Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu CL, Naqibuddin M, Rowlingson AJ, Lietman SA, Jermyn RM, Fleisher LA. The effect of pain on health-related quality of life in the immediate postoperative period. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:1078\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/01.ANE.0000081722.09164.D5.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2778_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00983.x","volume":"11","author":"R Sinatra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sinatra R. Causes and consequences of inadequate management of acute pain. Pain Med Malden Mass. 2010;11:1859\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00983.x.","journal-title":"Pain Med Malden Mass"},{"key":"2778_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2022.04.003","volume":"107","author":"AN Merians","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merians AN, Spiller T, Harpaz-Rotem I, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Med Clin. 2023;107:85\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2022.04.003.","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"2778_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1082-3174(97)70009-6","volume":"6","author":"RH Dworkin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dworkin RH. Which individuals with acute pain are most likely to develop a chronic pain syndrome? Pain Forum. 1997;6:127\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1082-3174(97)70009-6.","journal-title":"Pain Forum"},{"key":"2778_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01533.x","volume":"52","author":"A Ulvik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ulvik A, Kv\u00e5le R, Wentzel-Larsen T, Flaatten H. Quality of life 2\u20137 years after major trauma. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2008;52:195\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01533.x.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2778_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.03.020","volume":"35","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Outcalt S, Krebs E, Bair MJ, Wu J, Chumbler N, et al. Association between anxiety, health-related quality of life and functional impairment in primary care patients with chronic pain. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35:359\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.03.020.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2778_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.02.007","volume":"10","author":"MT van Leeuwen","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Leeuwen MT, Blyth FM, March LM, Nicholas MK, Cousins MJ. Chronic pain and reduced work effectiveness: the hidden cost to Australian employers. Eur J Pain Lond Engl. 2006;10:161\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.02.007.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain Lond Engl"},{"key":"2778_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12777","volume":"19","author":"F Deni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deni F, Greco M, Turi S, Meani R, Comotti L, Perotti V, et al. Acute Pain Service: a 10-Year experience. Pain Pract off J World Inst Pain. 2019;19:586\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12777.","journal-title":"Pain Pract off J World Inst Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198801000-00016","volume":"68","author":"LB Ready","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ready LB, Oden R, Chadwick HS, Benedetti C, Rooke GA, Caplan R, et al. Development of an anesthesiology-based Postoperative Pain Management Service. Anesthesiology. 1988;68:100\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-198801000-00016.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2778_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004655","volume":"131","author":"UM Stamer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stamer UM, Liguori GA, Rawal N. Thirty-five years of Acute Pain services: where do we go from Here? Anesth Analg. 2020;131:650\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004655.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2778_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.812","volume":"20","author":"J Erlenwein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Erlenwein J, Koschwitz R, Pauli-Magnus D, Quintel M, Mei\u00dfner W, Petzke F, et al. A follow-up on Acute Pain services in Germany compared to international survey data. Eur J Pain Lond Engl. 2016;20:874\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.812.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain Lond Engl"},{"key":"2778_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb125503.x","volume":"153","author":"PE Macintyre","year":"1990","unstructured":"Macintyre PE, Runciman WB, Webb RK. An acute pain service in an Australian teaching hospital: the first year. Med J Aust. 1990;153:417\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb125503.x.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2778_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/67.3.353","volume":"67","author":"RG Wheatley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wheatley RG, Madej TH, Jackson IJB, Hunter D, THE FIRST YEAR\u2019S, EXPERIENCE OF AN ACUTE PAIN SERVICE. Br J Anaesth. 1991;67:353\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/67.3.353.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2778_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S346","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817e2fc9","volume":"36","author":"RJ Malchow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malchow RJ, Black IH. The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:S346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817e2fc9.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2778_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","volume":"161","author":"SN Raja","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M, Finnerup NB, Flor H, Gibson S, et al. The revised IASP definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020;161:1976\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.197279","volume":"5","author":"KPP Abhilash","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abhilash KPP, Chakraborthy N, Pandian GR, Dhanawade VS, Bhanu TK, Priya K. Profile of trauma patients in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in South India. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2016;5:558\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2249-4863.197279.","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"2778_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934932","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/934932","volume":"2011","author":"D Nasir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nasir D, Howard JE, Joshi GP, Hill GE. A survey of Acute Pain Service structure and function in United States hospitals. Pain Res Treat. 2011;2011:934932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/934932.","journal-title":"Pain Res Treat"},{"key":"2778_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12876","volume":"61","author":"A Montes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montes A, Aguilar JL, Benito MC, Caba F, Margarit C, Acute Pain Group of the Spanish Pain Society (SED). Management of postoperative pain in Spain: a nationwide survey of practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017;61:480\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.12876.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2778_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2346.1998.00306.x","volume":"15","author":"N Rawal","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rawal N, Allvin R. Acute pain services in Europe: a 17-nation survey of 105 hospitals. The EuroPain Acute Pain Working Party. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1998;15:354\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2346.1998.00306.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2778_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90115-5","volume":"57","author":"N Rawal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rawal N, Berggren L. Organization of acute pain services: a low-cost model. Pain. 1994;57:117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90115-5.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0179-0","volume":"16","author":"T Borracci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borracci T, Prencipe D, Masotti A, Nella A, Tuccinardi G, Margiacchi L, et al. The experience of setting up a resident-managed Acute Pain Service: a descriptive study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2016;16:14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12871-016-0179-0.","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2778_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102288","volume":"46","author":"A Missair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Missair A, Visan A, Ivie R, Gebhard RE, Rivoli S, Woodworth G. Daring discourse: should acute pain medicine be a stand-alone service? Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46:529\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102288.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"2778_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2022.02.002","volume":"33","author":"MD Staudt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Staudt MD, The Multidisciplinary Team in Pain Management. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2022;33:241\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2022.02.002.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"2778_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530230060032","volume":"274","author":"Quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain","year":"1995","unstructured":"Quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. Am Pain Soc Qual Care Comm JAMA. 1995;274:1874\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1995.03530230060032.","journal-title":"Am Pain Soc Qual Care Comm JAMA"},{"key":"2778_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen103","volume":"101","author":"H Breivik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EKB, et al. Assessment of pain. Br J Anaesth. 2008;101:17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aen103.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2778_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x","volume":"3","author":"CT Hartrick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hartrick CT, Kovan JP, Shapiro S. The Numeric Rating Scale for Clinical Pain Measurement: a ratio measure? Pain Pract. 2003;3:310\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"2778_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200306000-00017","volume":"98","author":"F Aubrun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aubrun F, Langeron O, Quesnel C, Coriat P, Riou B. Relationships between Measurement of Pain using visual Analog score and morphine requirements during postoperative intravenous morphine titration. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:1415\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200306000-00017.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2778_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200003000-00005","volume":"16","author":"EK Breivik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Breivik EK, Bj\u00f6rnsson GA, Skovlund E. A comparison of Pain Rating scales by Sampling from Clinical Trial Data. Clin J Pain. 2000;16:22.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.007","volume":"144","author":"RH Dworkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Revicki DA, Harding G, Coyne KS, Peirce-Sandner S, et al. Development and initial validation of an expanded and revised version of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2). Pain. 2009;144:35\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.007.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR37","first-page":"129","volume":"23","author":"CS Cleeland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cleeland CS, Ryan KM. Pain assessment: global use of the brief Pain Inventory. Ann Acad Med Singap. 1994;23:129\u201338.","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"key":"2778_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020253","volume":"11","author":"R Defrin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Defrin R, Benromano T, Pick CG. Specific behavioral responses rather than autonomic responses can indicate and quantify Acute Pain among individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Brain Sci. 2021;11:253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11020253.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2778_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-29805-2_3059","volume-title":"Encycl. Pain","author":"PA McGrath","year":"2007","unstructured":"McGrath PA. Pain Assessment in Children. In: Schmidt RF, Willis WD, editors. Encycl. Pain. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. pp. 1644\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-29805-2_3059."},{"key":"2778_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1049\/htl.2017.0108","volume":"5","author":"SD Subramaniam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Subramaniam SD, Doss B, Chanderasekar LD, Madhavan A, Rosary AM. Scope of physiological and behavioural pain assessment techniques in children\u2013 a review. Healthc Technol Lett. 2018;5:124\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/htl.2017.0108.","journal-title":"Healthc Technol Lett"},{"key":"2778_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/542964","volume":"14","author":"K Prkachin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prkachin K. Assessing Pain by Facial expression: facial expression as Nexus. Pain Res Manag J Can Pain Soc J Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Can Pour Trait Douleur. 2009;14:53\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2009\/542964.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag J Can Pain Soc J Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Can Pour Trait Douleur"},{"key":"2778_CR42","first-page":"293","volume":"23","author":"SI Merkel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Merkel SI, Voepel-Lewis T, Shayevitz JR, Malviya S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 1997;23:293\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"2778_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1342970","volume":"34","author":"C G\u00e9linas","year":"2013","unstructured":"G\u00e9linas C, Puntillo KA, Joffe AM, Barr J. A validated approach to evaluating psychometric properties of pain assessment tools for use in nonverbal critically ill adults. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;34:153\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1342970.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2778_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200112000-00004","volume":"29","author":"JF Payen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Payen JF, Bru O, Bosson JL, Lagrasta A, Novel E, Deschaux I, et al. Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:2258\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-200112000-00004.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2778_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.12.014","volume":"232","author":"JA Harvin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harvin JA, Albarado R, Truong VTT, Green C, Tyson JE, Pedroza C, et al. Multi-modal analgesic strategy for trauma: a pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Surg. 2021;232:241\u2013e2513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.12.014.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2778_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199311000-00030","volume":"77","author":"H Kehlet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kehlet H, Dahl JB. The value of Multimodal or Balanced Analgesia in Postoperative Pain Treatment. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:1048.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2778_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1685","volume":"152","author":"MA Chaudhary","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhary MA, Schoenfeld AJ, Harlow AF, Ranjit A, Scully R, Chowdhury R, et al. Incidence and predictors of opioid prescription at Discharge after traumatic Injury. JAMA Surg. 2017;152:930\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1685.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2778_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2000.11927683","volume":"13","author":"MAE Ramsay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ramsay MAE. Acute postoperative pain management. Proc Bayl Univ Med Cent. 2000;13:244\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Bayl Univ Med Cent"},{"key":"2778_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.1681","volume":"151","author":"N Soneji","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soneji N, Clarke HA, Ko DT, Wijeysundera DN. Risks of developing persistent opioid use after major surgery. JAMA Surg. 2016;151:1083\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.1681.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2778_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.02.030","volume":"32","author":"FL Beaudoin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beaudoin FL, Straube S, Lopez J, Mello MJ, Baird J. Prescription opioid misuse among ED patients discharged with opioids. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32:580\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.02.030.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2778_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Practice Guidelines for Acute Pain Management in the Perioperative Setting.| Anesthesiology| American Society of Anesthesiologists n.d. https:\/\/pubs.asahq.org\/anesthesiology\/article\/116\/2\/248\/12956\/Practice-Guidelines-for-Acute-Pain-Management-in (accessed April 19, 2024).","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31823c1030"},{"key":"2778_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1294-y","volume":"19","author":"C-H Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho C-H, Song K-S, Min B-W, Lee K-J, Ha E, Lee Y-C, et al. Multimodal approach to postoperative pain control in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc off J ESSKA. 2011;19:1744\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-010-1294-y.","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc off J ESSKA"},{"key":"2778_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_51_18","volume":"35","author":"AD Kaye","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaye AD, Urman RD, Rappaport Y, Siddaiah H, Cornett EM, Belani K, et al. Multimodal analgesia as an essential part of enhanced recovery protocols in the ambulatory settings. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2019;35:S40\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_51_18.","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2778_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2019.05.04","volume":"5","author":"JS Yoo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoo JS, Ahn J, Buvanendran A, Singh K. Multimodal analgesia in pain management after spine surgery. J Spine Surg. 2019;5:S154\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jss.2019.05.04.","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"key":"2778_CR55","unstructured":"Organization WH. Cancer pain relief: with a guide to opioid availability. World Health Organization; 1996."},{"key":"2778_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i20","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i20","volume":"352","author":"JC Ballantyne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ballantyne JC, Kalso E, Stannard C. WHO analgesic ladder: a good concept gone astray. BMJ. 2016;352:i20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i20.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2778_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S244173","volume":"13","author":"J Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang J, Bauer BA, Wahner-Roedler DL, Chon TY, Xiao L. The modified WHO Analgesic Ladder: is it appropriate for chronic Non-cancer Pain? J Pain Res. 2020;13:411\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S244173.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"2778_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dowden SJ. Pharmacology of Analgesic Drugs. Manag. Pain Child. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2009. pp. 39\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444322743.ch4.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444322743.ch4"},{"key":"2778_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.4.3.479","volume":"4","author":"A Cahana","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cahana A, Mavrocordatos P, Geurts JW, Groen GJ. Do minimally invasive procedures have a place in the treatment of chronic low back pain? Expert Rev Neurother. 2004;4:479\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/14737175.4.3.479.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"2778_CR60","volume-title":"Intrathecal Catheter","author":"R Di Napoli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Napoli R, Esposito G, Cascella M. Intrathecal Catheter. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;: StatPearls; 2024."},{"key":"2778_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-017-0090-5","volume":"6","author":"KH Todd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Todd KH. A review of current and emerging approaches to Pain Management in the Emergency Department. Pain Ther. 2017;6:193\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-017-0090-5.","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"2778_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.02.014","volume":"32","author":"O Tezel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tezel O, Kaldirim U, Bilgic S, Deniz S, Eyi YE, Ozyurek S, et al. A comparison of suprascapular nerve block and procedural sedation analgesia in shoulder dislocation reduction. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32:549\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.02.014.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2778_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2018.04.004","volume":"36","author":"IR Slade","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slade IR, Samet RE. Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia for Acute Trauma patients. Anesthesiol Clin. 2018;36:431\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anclin.2018.04.004.","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"2778_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2019.0174","volume":"81","author":"S McLaren","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLaren S, Hughes M, Sheehan C, Sokhi J. A guide to epidural management. Br J Hosp Med. 2020;81:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2019.0174.","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"2778_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer339","volume":"107","author":"H Freise","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freise H, Van Aken HK. Risks and benefits of thoracic epidural anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2011;107:859\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aer339.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2778_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkt062","volume":"14","author":"SM Nimmo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nimmo SM, Harrington LS. What is the role of epidural analgesia in abdominal surgery? Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2014;14:224\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkt062.","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.210","volume":"149","author":"MJ Hughes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hughes MJ, Ventham NT, McNally S, Harrison E, Wigmore S. Analgesia after Open Abdominal surgery in the setting of enhanced recovery surgery: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Surg. 2014;149:1224\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.210.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2778_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2012.66.340-343","volume":"66","author":"D Unic-Stojanovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unic-Stojanovic D, Babic S, Jovic M. Benefits, risks and complications of perioperative use of epidural anesthesia. Med Arch Sarajevo Bosnia Herzeg. 2012;66:340\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/medarh.2012.66.340-343.","journal-title":"Med Arch Sarajevo Bosnia Herzeg"},{"key":"2778_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713281","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/713281","volume":"2011","author":"JJ Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu JJ, Lollo L, Grabinsky A. Regional Anesthesia in Trauma Medicine. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2011;2011:713281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/713281.","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"2778_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.09.015","volume":"28","author":"FL Beaudoin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beaudoin FL, Nagdev A, Merchant RC, Becker BM. Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve blocks in elderly patients with hip fractures. Am J Emerg Med. 2010;28:76\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.09.015.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2778_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.93107","volume":"5","author":"S Bhoi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhoi S, Sinha TP, Rodha M, Bhasin A, Ramchandani R, Galwankar S. Feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided nerve block for management of limb injuries by emergency care physicians. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2700.93107.","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"2778_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.08.019","volume":"25","author":"MB Stone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone MB, Price DD, Wang R. Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block for the treatment of upper extremity fractures, dislocations, and abscesses in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25:472\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.08.019.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2778_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i86","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq322","volume":"105","author":"JE Chelly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chelly JE, Ghisi D, Fanelli A. Continuous peripheral nerve blocks in acute pain management. Br J Anaesth. 2010;105:i86\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeq322.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2778_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2004.10.005","volume":"30","author":"CC Buckenmaier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buckenmaier CC, McKnight GM, Winkley JV, Bleckner LL, Shannon C, Klein SM, et al. Continuous peripheral nerve block for Battlefield Anesthesia and Evacuation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005;30:202\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rapm.2004.10.005.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"2778_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capdevila X. Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Hospital Wards after Orthopedic Surgery 2005;103.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200511000-00018"},{"key":"2778_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000909","volume":"33","author":"DJ Warfield","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warfield DJ, Barre S, Adhikary SD. Current understanding of the fascial plane blocks for analgesia of the chest wall: techniques and indications update for 2020. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020;33:692\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000909.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2778_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2022-034","volume":"33","author":"R Verbeek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verbeek R, Montoya F, Swanevelder JL. Fascial plane regional anaesthesia techniques. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2022;33:103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5830\/CVJA-2022-034.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"2778_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpn.ijpn_70_19","volume":"34","author":"GVK Prasad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prasad GVK, Khanna S, Sharma V. Peripheral nerve blocks in Trauma patients: recent updates and improving patient outcomes: a narrative review. Indian J Pain. 2020;34:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpn.ijpn_70_19.","journal-title":"Indian J Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13061787","volume":"13","author":"N Hilber","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hilber N, Dodi A, Blumenthal S, Bruppacher H, Borgeat A, Aguirre J. The impact of Regional Anesthesia in Masking Acute Compartment Syndrome after Limb Trauma. J Clin Med. 2024;13:1787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13061787.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2778_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2147\/LRA.S55322","volume":"8","author":"J Gadsden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gadsden J, Warlick A. Regional anesthesia for the trauma patient: improving patient outcomes. Local Reg Anesth. 2015;8:45\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/LRA.S55322.","journal-title":"Local Reg Anesth"},{"key":"2778_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen330","volume":"102","author":"GJ Mar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mar GJ, Barrington MJ, McGuirk BR. Acute compartment syndrome of the lower limb and the effect of postoperative analgesia on diagnosis. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102:3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aen330.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2778_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01109.x","volume":"12","author":"MA Cometa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cometa MA, Esch AT, Boezaart AP. Did continuous femoral and sciatic nerve Block Obscure the diagnosis or Delay the treatment of Acute Lower Leg Compartment Syndrome? A Case Report. Pain Med. 2011;12:823\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01109.x.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2778_CR83","unstructured":"Connor D. REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND COAGULOPATHY OF TRAUMA SHOCK n.d."},{"key":"2778_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkt048","volume":"14","author":"I Fleming","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fleming I, Egeler C. Regional anaesthesia for trauma: an update. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2014;14:136\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkt048.","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain"},{"key":"2778_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000763","volume":"43","author":"TT Horlocker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horlocker TT, Vandermeuelen E, Kopp SL, Gogarten W, Leffert LR, Benzon HT. Regional Anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine evidence-based guidelines (Fourth Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43:263\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000763.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"2778_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00189","volume":"19","author":"M Mota","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mota M, Santos E, Cunha M, Abrantes T, Caldes P, Santos MR. Non-pharmacological interventions for acute pain management in adult trauma victims: a scoping review. JBI Evid Synth. 2021;19:1555\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11124\/JBIES-20-00189.","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"2778_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.045","volume":"46","author":"AC Scholten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scholten AC, Berben SaA, Westmaas AH, van Grunsven PM, de Vaal ET, Rood PPM, et al. Pain management in trauma patients in (pre)hospital based emergency care: current practice versus new guideline. Injury. 2015;46:798\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.10.045.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2778_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v8i2.707","volume":"8","author":"A Ahmadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmadi A, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Heidari Zadie Z, Euasobhon P, Ketumarn P, Karbasfrushan A, et al. Pain management in trauma: a review study. J Inj Violence Res. 2016;8:89\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5249\/jivr.v8i2.707.","journal-title":"J Inj Violence Res"},{"key":"2778_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1037\/rep0000239","volume":"63","author":"M Soltani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soltani M, Drever SA, Hoffman HG, Sharar SR, Wiechman SA, Jensen MP, et al. Virtual reality analgesia for burn joint flexibility: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Rehabil Psychol. 2018;63:487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rep0000239.","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"2778_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.10.15","volume":"1","author":"A Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li A, Monta\u00f1o Z, Chen VJ, Gold JI. Virtual reality and pain management: current trends and future directions. Pain Manag. 2011;1:147\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/pmt.10.15.","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"key":"2778_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31826bc313","volume":"257","author":"D Zatzick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zatzick D, Jurkovich G, Rivara FP, Russo J, Wagner A, Wang J, et al. A randomized stepped care intervention trial Targeting Posttraumatic stress disorder for surgically hospitalized Injury survivors. Ann Surg. 2013;257:390\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31826bc313.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2778_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22041","volume":"28","author":"D Zatzick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zatzick D, O\u2019Connor SS, Russo J, Wang J, Bush N, Love J, et al. Technology-enhanced stepped collaborative care targeting posttraumatic stress disorder and Comorbidity after Injury: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Trauma Stress. 2015;28:391\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22041.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"2778_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1798","volume":"46","author":"M Heutink","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heutink M, Post MW, Luthart P, Schuitemaker M, Slangen S, Sweers J, et al. Long-term outcomes of a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural programme for coping with chronic neuropathic spinal cord injury pain. J Rehabil Med. 2014;46:540\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-1798.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2778_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.04.025","volume":"43","author":"A Loskotova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loskotova A, Loskotova J. The use of acupuncture in first aid of burns\u2014clinical report. Burns. 2017;43:1782\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2017.04.025.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2778_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Healy WL, Seidman J, Pfeifer BA, Brown DG. Cold compressive dressing after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop 1994:143\u20136.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199402000-00019"},{"key":"2778_CR96","unstructured":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve. stimulation (TENS) can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption. A meta-analysis with assessment of optimal treatment parameters for postoperative pain - Bjordal\u2013\u20092003 - European Journal of Pain - Wiley Online Library n.d. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1016\/S1090-3801%2802%2900098-8?sid=nlm%3Apubmed (accessed May 10, 2024)."},{"key":"2778_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2018.09.001","volume":"44","author":"NS Khalil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khalil NS. Critical care nurses\u2019 use of non-pharmacological pain management methods in Egypt. Appl Nurs Res. 2018;44:33\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnr.2018.09.001.","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"2778_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cacc.2007.03.017","volume":"18","author":"MU Werner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werner MU, Nielsen PR. The acute pain service: Present and future role. Curr Anaesth Crit Care. 2007;18:135\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cacc.2007.03.017.","journal-title":"Curr Anaesth Crit Care"},{"key":"2778_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/trap.2002.122927","volume":"6","author":"ER Viscusi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Viscusi ER, Jan R, Warshawsky D. An acute pain management service with regional anesthesia: how to make it work. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag. 2002;6:40\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/trap.2002.122927.","journal-title":"Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag"},{"key":"2778_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-0069-6","volume":"61","author":"DH Goldstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldstein DH, Phelan R, Wilson R, Ross-White A, VanDenKerkhof EG, Penning JP, et al. Brief review: adoption of electronic medical records to enhance acute pain management. Can J Anesth Can Anesth. 2014;61:164\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12630-013-0069-6.","journal-title":"Can J Anesth Can Anesth"},{"key":"2778_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00373.x","volume":"8","author":"DH Goldstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goldstein DH, Wilson R, VanDenKerkhof EG. Electronic monitoring in an Acute Pain Management Service. Pain Med. 2007;8:S94\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00373.x.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2778_CR102","unstructured":"9daab6bd-1c08-4c99-aea9-1ae037fd0f35_mep-5-5-386.pdf n.d."},{"key":"2778_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manzoni D. Attitudes on Pain Change when Acute Pain services are introduced. J Anesth Amp Clin Res. 2012;04. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2155-6148.1000280.","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6148.1000280"},{"key":"2778_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Counsell D, Macintyre PE, Breivik H. Organization and role of acute pain services. Clin. Pain Manag. Pract. Proced. 2nd ed., CRC Press; 2008.","DOI":"10.1201\/b13562-47"},{"key":"2778_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00002800-200203000-00005","volume":"16","author":"SL Musclow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Musclow SL, Sawhney M, Watt-Watson J. The emerging role of advanced nursing practice in Acute Pain Management throughout Canada. Clin Nurse Spec. 2002;16:63.","journal-title":"Clin Nurse Spec"},{"key":"2778_CR106","unstructured":"Rehabilitation after traumatic injury. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2022."},{"key":"2778_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001294","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2023-001294","volume":"9","author":"A Baltes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baltes A, Horton DM, Malicki J, Trevino C, Agarwal S, Zarzaur BL, et al. Pain management in trauma: the need for trauma-informed opioid prescribing guidelines. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2024;9:e001294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tsaco-2023-001294.","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"key":"2778_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1","volume":"71","author":"D Dowell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, Baldwin GT, Chou R. CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing opioids for Pain \u2014 United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2022;71:1\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2778_CR109","unstructured":"The Association Between Patient Satisfaction and Patient-Reported Health Outcomes - Qinyu Chen, Beal EW, Okunrintemi V, Cerier E, Paredes A, Sun S, Olsen G, Timothy M, Pawlik. 2019 n.d. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/2374373518795414 (accessed May 18, 2024)."},{"key":"2778_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002218","volume":"125","author":"HT Benzon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benzon HT, Mascha EJ, Wu CL. Studies on postoperative analgesic efficacy: focusing the statistical methods and broadening outcome measures and measurement tools. Anesth Analg. 2017;125:726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002218.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2778_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2346.2000.00738.x","volume":"17","author":"G Brodner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brodner G, Mertes N, Buerkle H, Marcus MaE, Van Aken H. Acute pain management: analysis, implications and consequences after prospective experience with 6349 surgical patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol EJA. 2000;17:566.","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol EJA"},{"key":"2778_CR112","unstructured":"The acute pain. service: effective or expensive care? n.d. https:\/\/oce.ovid.com\/article\/00000524-199804000-00016 (accessed May 18, 2024)."},{"key":"2778_CR113","unstructured":"Recovery after laparoscopic colonic surgery with epidural analgesia. and early oral nutrition and mobilisation n.d. https:\/\/oce.ovid.com\/article\/00005531-199503250-00014 (accessed May 18, 2024)."},{"key":"2778_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001118","volume":"35","author":"KA May","year":"2022","unstructured":"May KA, Craven JM, Wright C, Tran B. Regional anesthesia and the acute pain service: compliance and controversies. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2022;35:224\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001118.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2778_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002865","volume":"131","author":"GM Hamilton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamilton GM, Ramlogan R, Lui A, McCartney CJL, Abdallah F, McVicar J, et al. Peripheral nerve blocks for ambulatory shoulder surgery. Anesthesiology. 2019;131:1254\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002865.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02778-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02778-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02778-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:06:57Z","timestamp":1770721617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02778-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02778-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"103"}}