{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:59:06Z","timestamp":1791874746786,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum RWTH Aachen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma patients, particularly to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is debated due to rising antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this systematic review evaluated the safety and effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis compared to placebo or standard care on clinical outcomes in adult polytrauma patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify completed and ongoing studies from database inception to April 20, 2023. Eligible studies included systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antibiotic prophylaxis to placebo or standard care in adult polytrauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 1237 identified records, three RCTs involving 256 patients (n\n                      <jats:sub>antibiotics<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 176, n\n                      <jats:sub>control<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 165, mean age 37.4 years, 81.6% male) were included. Antibiotic prophylaxis showed little or no effect on all-cause mortality compared to placebo or standard care (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.55\u20131.85; RD 2 more per 1000, 95% CI -79 to 150; 2 studies, 209 participants;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%; very low certainty of evidence).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis has no significant effect on mortality and clinical status compared with placebo or standard care in adult polytrauma patients but may reduce the risk of VAP. However, the evidence is outdated and of very low certainty, with insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions regarding efficacy. Therefore, high-quality, up-to-date research is urgently needed to support clinical decision-making, and current interpretations should be treated with caution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02789-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T12:04:46Z","timestamp":1739448286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in polytrauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Dahms","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Ansems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Dormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Steinfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidrun","family":"Janka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria-Inti","family":"Metzendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Benstoem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2789_CR1","unstructured":"AG Polytrauma. SIRS und Sepsis beim Polytrauma. 2023. Available from: http:\/\/www.ag-polytrauma.de\/forschung\/sirs-und-sepsis-beim-polytrauma\/"},{"issue":"9952","key":"2789_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60687-5","volume":"384","author":"JMMM Lord","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lord JM, MM, Chen YF, Belli A, Brohi K, Kovacs EJ, Koenderman L, Kubes P, Lilford RJ. The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet. 2014;384(9952):1455-65.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2S","key":"2789_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000108","volume":"4","author":"CRT Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee C, RT, Pape H-C, Gary J, Stannard JP, Haller JM. The polytrauma patient: Current concepts and evolving care. OTA Int. 2021;4(2S):e108.","journal-title":"OTA Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2789_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31829fdbd7","volume":"76","author":"EDR Cole","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cole E, DR, Willett K, Brohi K. The burden of infection in severely injured trauma patients and the relationship with admission shock severity. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;76(3):730-5.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2789_CR5","first-page":"548","volume":"27","author":"BM Ertugrul","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ertugrul BM, Yildirim A, Ay P, Oncu S, Cagatay A, Cakar N, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical emergency intensive care unit. Saudi Med J. 2006;27(1):548.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2789_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.04.089","volume":"30","author":"MLJ Keum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keum M, LJ, Baek J, Hong S. Clinical review of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in polytrauma patients. J Crit Care. 2015;30(4):850.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2789_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberati A, DAR, Pifferi S, Leonetti C, Torri V, Brazzi L, Tinazzi A. Antibiotics for preventing respiratory tract infections in adults receiving intensive care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(4).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000022"},{"issue":"7140","key":"2789_CR8","first-page":"1275","volume":"316","author":"RPS D\u2019Amico","year":"1998","unstructured":"D'Amico R, PS, Leonetti C, Torri V, Tinazzi A, Liberati A. Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in critically ill adult patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 1998;316(7140):1275-85.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"2789_CR9","first-page":"866","volume":"257","author":"SHM Chevret","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chevret S, HM, Carlet J, Langer M. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units. Results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. JAMA. 1996;257(11):866-9.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2789_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagon JY, CJ, Vuagnat A, Trouillet JL, Novara A, Gibert C. Nosocomial pneumonia and mortality among patients in intensive care unit. JAMA. 1996;275:866-9.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530350048033"},{"issue":"2","key":"2789_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05883-9","volume":"46","author":"BHJOE Wittekamp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wittekamp BH, OE, Cuthbertson BH, Brun-Buisson C, Bonten MJM. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in critically ill patients: a narrative review. 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