{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T22:50:08Z","timestamp":1771455008451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02845-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T04:31:07Z","timestamp":1744691467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thoracostomy for removal of excess fluid in surgical stabilization of rib fractures: the T-REX trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Majercik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evert A.","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Forrester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Cavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Doben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory R.","family":"Semon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fredric M.","family":"Pieracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelley","family":"Mancine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary D.","family":"Warriner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SarahAnn S.","family":"Whitbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2845_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2005.07.022","volume":"138","author":"BT Flagel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Flagel BT, Luchette FA, Reed RL, Esposito TJ, Davis KA, Santaniello JM, et al. Half-a-dozen ribs: the breakpoint for mortality. Surgery. 2005;138(4):717\u201325.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"2845_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.12.007","volume":"205","author":"L Fabricant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fabricant L, Ham B, Mullins R, Mayberry J. Prolonged pain and disability are common after rib fractures. Am J Surg. 2013;205(5):511\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2845_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480907500508","volume":"75","author":"JC Mayberry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mayberry JC, Kroeker AD, Ham LB, Mullins RJ, Trunkey DD. Long-term morbidity, pain, and disability after repair of severe chest wall injuries. Am Surg. 2009;75(5):389\u201394.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2845_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.05.027","volume":"52","author":"AL Sarode","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarode AL, Ho VP, Pieracci FM, Moorman ML, Towe CW. The financial burden of rib fractures. Injury. 2021;52(8):2180\u20137.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2845_CR5","first-page":"727","volume":"52","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Yukioka T, Yamaguti Y, et al. Surgical stabilization of internal pneumatic stabilization? A prospective randomized study of management of severe flail chest patients. J Trauma. 2002;52:727\u201332.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2845_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.024","volume":"216","author":"SF Marasco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marasco SF, Davies AR, Cooper J, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial of operative rib fixation in traumatic flail chest. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;216:924\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.024.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2845_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-016-0721-2","volume":"43","author":"J Schuurmans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schuurmans J, Goslings JC, Schepers T. Operative management versus non-operative management of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2017;43:163\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"2845_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000750","volume":"31","author":"E Swart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swart E, Laratta J, Slobogean G, et al. Operative treatment of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31:64\u201370.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2845_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000925","volume":"80","author":"FM Pieracci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pieracci FM, Lin Y, Rodil M, et al. A prospective, controlled clinical evaluation of surgical stabilization of severe rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;80:187\u201394.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2845_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002559","volume":"88","author":"FM Pieracci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pieracci FM, Leasia K, Bauman Z, Ericsson EA, Lottenberg L, Majercik S, Powell L, Sarani B, Semon G, Thomas B, Zhao F, Dyke C, Doben AR. A multicenter, prospective, controlled clinical trial of surgical stabilization of rib fractures in patients with severe, nonflail fracture patterns (Chest Wall Injury Society NONFLAIL). J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;88(2):249\u201357.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2845_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.08.051","volume":"208","author":"S Majercik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Majercik S, Cannon Q, Granger SR, Van Boerum DH, White TW. Long term patient outcomes after surgical stabilization of rib fractures. Am J Surg. 2014;208(1):88\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2845_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1156489","author":"RJ Hoepelman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoepelman RJ, Minervini F, Beeres FJP, van Wageningen B, van IJpmaVeelen FFNM, Lansink KWW, Hoogendoorn JM, van Baal MCP, Groenwold RHH, Houwert RM. Quality of life and clinical outcomes of operatively treated patients with flail chest injuries: A multicentre prospective cohort study. Front Surg. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2023.1156489.","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2845_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003828","volume":"94","author":"AM Shiroff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shiroff AM, Wolf S, Wu A, Vanderkarr M, Anandan M, Ruppenkamp JW, Galvain T, Holy CE. Outcomes of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for multiple rib fractures: A US hospital matched cohort database analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023;94(4):538\u201345.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2845_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001648","volume":"83","author":"ED Kane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kane ED, Jeremitsky E, Pieracci FM, Majercik S, Doben AR. Quantifying and exploring the recent national increase in surgical stabilization of rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;83(6):1047\u201352.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2845_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003408","volume":"91","author":"AB Kay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kay AB, Morris DS, Gardner S, Majercik S, White TW. Readmission for pleural space complications after chest wall injury: Who is at risk? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;91(6):981\u20137.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2845_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2022.05.031","volume":"279","author":"L Crankshaw","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crankshaw L, McNickle AG, Batra K, Kuhls DA, Chestovich PJ, Fraser DR. The volume of thoracic irrigation is associated with length of stay in patients with traumatic hemothorax. J Surg Res. 2022;279:62\u201371.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2845_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001700","volume":"83","author":"NW Kugler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kugler NW, Carver TW, Milia D, Paul JS. Thoracic irrigation prevents retained hemothorax: A prospective propensity scored analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;83(6):1136\u201341.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2845_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.02.046","volume":"202","author":"NW Kugler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kugler NW, Carver TW, Paul JS. Thoracic irrigation prevents retained hemothorax: a pilot study. J Surg Res. 2016;202(2):443\u20138.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2845_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4168-3","volume":"42","author":"ZM Bauman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bauman ZM, Kulvatunyou N, Joseph B, Jain A, Friese RS, Gries L, O\u2019Keeffe T, Tang AL, Vercruysse G, Rhee P. A prospective study of 7-year experience using percutaneous 14-French pigtail catheters for traumatic hemothorax\/hemopneumothorax at a level-1 trauma center: size still does not matter. World J Surg. 2018;42(1):107\u201313.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2845_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05852-0","volume":"45","author":"ZM Bauman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauman ZM, Kulvatunyou N, Joseph B, Gries L, O\u2019Keeffe T, Tang AL, Rhee P. Randomized clinical trial of 14-French (14F) pigtail catheters versus 28\u201332f chest tubes in the management of patients with traumatic hemothorax and hemopneumothorax. World J Surg. 2021;45(3):880\u20136.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2845_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318271c1c7","volume":"73","author":"N Kulvatunyou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kulvatunyou N, Joseph B, Friese RS, Green D, Gries L, O\u2019Keeffe T, Tang AL, Wynne JL, Rhee P. 14 French pigtail catheters placed by surgeons to drain blood on trauma patients: is 14-Fr too small? Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6):1423\u20137.","journal-title":"Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2845_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.08.008","volume":"210","author":"S Majercik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Majercik S, Vijayakumar S, Olsen G, Wilson E, Gardner S, Granger SR, Van Boerum DH, White TW. Surgical stabilization of severe rib fractures decreases incidence of retained hemothorax and empyema. Am J Surg. 2015;210(6):1112\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02845-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02845-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02845-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:05:49Z","timestamp":1770721549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02845-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02845-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests\u00a0relevant to this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"174"}}