{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:59:02Z","timestamp":1791874742449,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Society for Trauma Surgery"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012681","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum K\u00f6ln","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to update evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the initial surgical management of urogenital injuries in patients with polytrauma and\/or severe injuries based on current evidence. This guideline topic is part of the 2022 update of the German Guideline on the Treatment of Patients with Polytrauma and\/or Severe Injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched to June 2021. Randomised controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and comparative registry studies were included if they compared surgical and\/or therapeutic interventions for urogenital injuries in the hospital setting. We considered patient-relevant clinical outcomes such as mortality and bleeding control, or coagulation parameters as surrogate outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using NICE 2012 checklists. The evidence was synthesised narratively, and expert consensus was used to develop recommendations and determine their strength.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two new studies were identified. The topics covered were the comparison of outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical management as well as the use of surgical repair versus catheter drainage in patients with extraperitoneal bladder injuries. Three recommendations were modified, one of which for editorial reasons. All achieved strong consensus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The following key recommendations are made. 1. Renal artery injuries can be managed using an endovascular approach. 2. Depending on the type and severity of the injury and concomitant injuries, renal injuries should be managed with the intent to preserve the organ. 3. Extraperitoneal bladder ruptures without involvement of the bladder neck should be conservatively treated with catheterisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02847-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T21:18:03Z","timestamp":1745875083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Initial surgical management of injuries to the urogenital tract in patients with polytrauma and\/or severe injuries: a systematic review and clinical practice guideline update"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Ruf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Kluth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9902-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Wahlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3433-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Breuing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6033-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Nestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2847_CR1","unstructured":"Unfallchirurgie Ad. [Jahresbericht 2022] https:\/\/www.auc-online.de\/fileadmin\/AUC\/Dokumente\/Register\/TraumaRegister_DGU\/TR-DGU-Jahresbericht_2022.pdf2022 [cited 2025 02]. Accessed 23 May 2023."},{"key":"2847_CR2","unstructured":"e.V. DGfU. S3-Leitlinie Polytrauma\/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung (AWMF Registernummer 187\u2013023), Version 4.0 https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/187-023.html.2022 [cited 2025 04]. Accessed 23 May 2023."},{"key":"2847_CR3","unstructured":"(AWMF Registernummer 187\u2013023), Version 4.0 https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/187-023.html.2022 [cited 2025 04]."},{"key":"2847_CR4","unstructured":"S3-Leitlinie Polytrauma\/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung, Registernummer 187\u2013023 (2022), Version 3.0. https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/187-023.html. Accessed 23 May 2023."},{"key":"2847_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Y, Yang K, Marusic A, Qaseem A, Meerpohl JJ, Flottorp S, et al. A Reporting Tool for Practice Guidelines in Health Care: The RIGHT Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(2):128\u201332. Epub 20161122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M16-1565. PubMed PMID: 27893062.","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1565"},{"key":"2847_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372: n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2847_CR7","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)-St\u00e4ndige Kommission Leitlinien. AWMF-Regelwerk \u201eLeitlinien\u201c. 2nd Edition 2020. http:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/awmf-regelwerk.html. Accessed 11 November 2021."},{"key":"2847_CR8","unstructured":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Unfallchirurgie e.V. (DGU). Leitlinienreport zur AWMF Leitlinie Polytrauma \/ Schwerverletzten-Behandlung, Registernummer 012\u2013019 (2016). https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/012-019.html. Accessed 21 March 2022."},{"key":"2847_CR9","unstructured":"Gliklich R, Dreyer N, Leavy M, eds. Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User's Guide. Third edition. Two volumes. (Prepared by the Outcome DEcIDE Center [Outcome Sciences, Inc., a Quintiles company] under Contract No. 290 2005 00351 TO7.) AHRQ Publication No. 13(14)-EHC111. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. April 2014. http:\/\/www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/registries-guide-3.cfm. Accessed 23 May 2023."},{"key":"2847_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210. Epub 20161205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4. PubMed PMID: 27919275; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5139140.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"2847_CR11","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). The guidelines manual: Appendices B-I, Published: 30 November 2012. Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/process\/pmg6\/resources\/the-guidelines-manual-appendices-bi-2549703709. Accessed 21 March 2022."},{"key":"2847_CR12","unstructured":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group*. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence (March 2009). Available from: https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/oxford-centre-for-evidence-based-medicine-levels-of-evidence-march-2009. Accessed 21 March 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001075","volume":"204","author":"RE Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson RE, Keihani S, Moses RA, Nocera AP, Selph JP, Castillejo Becerra CM, et al. Current Management of Extraperitoneal Bladder Injuries: Results from the Multi-Institutional Genito-Urinary Trauma Study (MiGUTS). J Urol. 2020;204(3):538\u201344 (PubMed PMID: 32259467).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2847_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.09.006","volume":"51","author":"MW El Hechi","year":"2020","unstructured":"El Hechi MW, Nederpelt C, Kongkaewpaisan N, Bonde A, Kokoroskos N, Breen K, et al. Contemporary management of penetrating renal trauma - A national analysis. Injury. 2020;51(1):32\u20138 (PubMed PMID: 31540800).","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/003655999750015826","volume":"33","author":"R A\u015fci","year":"1999","unstructured":"A\u015fci R, Sarikaya S, B\u00fcy\u00fckalpelli R, Saylik A, Yilmaz AF, Yildiz S. Voiding and sexual dysfunctions after pelvic fracture urethral injuries treated with either initial cystostomy and delayed urethroplasty or immediate primary urethral realignment. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1999;33(4):228\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/003655999750015826. (PubMed PMID: 10515084).","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2847_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000092683.35028.03","volume":"57","author":"C Bozeman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bozeman C, Carver B, Zabari G, Caldito G, Venable D. Selective operative management of major blunt renal trauma. J Trauma. 2004;57(2):305\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000092683.35028.03. (PubMed PMID: 15345977).","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"2847_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198609000-00009","volume":"26","author":"JN Corriere Jr","year":"1986","unstructured":"Corriere JN Jr, Sandler CM. Management of the ruptured bladder: seven years of experience with 111 cases. J Trauma. 1986;26(9):830\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-198609000-00009. (PubMed PMID: 3746959).","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65051-1","volume":"157","author":"DS Elliott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Elliott DS, Barrett DM. Long-term followup and evaluation of primary realignment of posterior urethral disruptions. J Urol. 1997;157(3):814\u20136 (PubMed PMID: 9072573).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)37534-1","volume":"147","author":"HW Follis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Follis HW, Koch MO, McDougal WS. Immediate management of prostatomembranous urethral disruptions. J Urol. 1992;147(5):1259\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)37534-1. (PubMed PMID: 1569663).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)36928-8","volume":"148","author":"S Herschorn","year":"1992","unstructured":"Herschorn S, Thijssen A, Radomski SB. The value of immediate or early catheterization of the traumatized posterior urethra. J Urol. 1992;148(5):1428\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)36928-8. (PubMed PMID: 1433542).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2847_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(93)90099-v","volume":"41","author":"E Hochberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hochberg E, Stone NN. Bladder rupture associated with pelvic fracture due to blunt trauma. Urology. 1993;41(6):531\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-4295(93)90099-v. (PubMed PMID: 8516988).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2847_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)35892-5","volume":"150","author":"DA Husmann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Husmann DA, Gilling PJ, Perry MO, Morris JS, Boone TB. Major renal lacerations with a devitalized fragment following blunt abdominal trauma: a comparison between nonoperative (expectant) versus surgical management. J Urol. 1993;150(6):1774\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)35892-5. (PubMed PMID: 8230501).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2847_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)39371-0","volume":"144","author":"DA Husmann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Husmann DA, Wilson WT, Boone TB, Allen TD. Prostatomembranous urethral disruptions: management by suprapubic cystostomy and delayed urethroplasty. J Urol. 1990;144(1):76\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)39371-0. (PubMed PMID: 2359183).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2847_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2042.1999.00103.x","volume":"6","author":"Y Ichigi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ichigi Y, Takaki N, Nakamura K, Sato S, Kato A, Matsuo Y, et al. Significance of hematoma size for evaluating the grade of blunt renal trauma. Int J Urol. 1999;6(10):502\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1442-2042.1999.00103.x. (PubMed PMID: 10533901).","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)65571-x","volume":"156","author":"MM Koraitim","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koraitim MM. Pelvic fracture urethral injuries: evaluation of various methods of management. J Urol. 1996;156(4):1288\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(01)65571-x. (PubMed PMID: 8808856).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68918-5","volume":"161","author":"MM Koraitim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koraitim MM. Pelvic fracture urethral injuries: the unresolved controversy. J Urol. 1999;161(5):1433\u201341 (PubMed PMID: 10210368).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66140-8","volume":"155","author":"L Kotkin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kotkin L, Koch MO. Impotence and incontinence after immediate realignment of posterior urethral trauma: result of injury or management? J Urol. 1996;155(5):1600\u20133 (PubMed PMID: 8627832).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000063947","volume":"69","author":"JH Ku","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ku JH, Jeon YS, Kim ME, Lee NK, Park YH. Comparison of long-term results according to the primary mode of management and type of injury for posterior urethral injuries. Urol Int. 2002;69(3):227\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000063947. (PubMed PMID: 12372892).","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65016-X","volume":"157","author":"ML Podest\u00e1","year":"1997","unstructured":"Podest\u00e1 ML, Medel R, Castera R, Ruarte A. Immediate management of posterior urethral disruptions due to pelvic fracture: therapeutic alternatives. J Urol. 1997;157(4):1444\u20138 (PubMed PMID: 9120977).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2847_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65271-6","volume":"157","author":"H Wessells","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wessells H, McAninch JW, Meyer A, Bruce J. Criteria for nonoperative treatment of significant penetrating renal lacerations. J Urol. 1997;157(1):24\u20137 (PubMed PMID: 8976207).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318031ccf9","volume":"62","author":"SF Shariat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shariat SF, Roehrborn CG, Karakiewicz PI, Dhami G, Stage KH. Evidence-based validation of the predictive value of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma kidney injury scale. J Trauma. 2007;62(4):933\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e318031ccf9. (PubMed PMID: 17426551).","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"2847_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35892-5","volume":"150","author":"DA Husmann","year":"1993","unstructured":"Husmann DA, Gilling PJ, Perry MO, Morris JS, Boone TB. Major renal lacerations with a devitalized fragment following blunt abdominal trauma: a comparison between nonoperative (expectant) versus surgical management. J Urol. 1993;150(6):1774\u20137 (Epub 12\/01).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2847_CR33","unstructured":"Morey AF, Brandes SB, Dugi Iii DD, Armstrong JH, Breyer BN, Broghammer JA, et al. American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline American Urological Association. AUA Clinical Guidelines. 2014;(April):1\u201357."},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.12.034","volume":"67","author":"E Serafetinides","year":"2015","unstructured":"Serafetinides E, Kitrey ND, Djakovic N, Kuehhas FE, Lumen N, Sharma DM, et al. Review of the current management of upper urinary tract injuries by the EAU Trauma Guidelines Panel. Eur Urol. 2015;67(5):930\u20136 (PubMed PMID: 25578621).","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.06.001","volume":"213","author":"MA Bjurlin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bjurlin MA, Goble SM, Fantus RJ, Hollowell CM. Outcomes in geriatric genitourinary trauma. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;213(3):415\u201321 (PubMed PMID: 21723152).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2847_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McGuire J, Bultitude MF, Davis P, Koukounaras J, Royce PL, Corcoran NM. Predictors of outcome for blunt high grade renal injury treated with conservative intent. The Journal of urology.2011;185(1):187\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2010.08.085.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.08.085"},{"key":"2847_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckley JC, McAninch JW. Revision of current American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Renal Injury grading system. Journal of Trauma. 2011;70(35).","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318207ad5a"},{"issue":"12","key":"2847_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198912000-00013","volume":"29","author":"EE Moore","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moore EE, Shackford SR, Pachter HL, McAninch JW, Browner BD, Champion HR, et al. Organ injury scaling: spleen, liver, and kidney. J Trauma. 1989;29(12):1664\u20136 (Epub 12\/01).","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2847_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hammer CC, Santucci RA. Effect of an institutional policy of nonoperative treatment of grades I to IV renal injuries. J Urol. 2003;169(5):1751\u20133. Epub 04\/11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000056186.77495.c8 S0022\u20135347(05)63662\u20132 [pii].","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000056186.77495.c8"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38494-X","volume":"145","author":"JW McAninch","year":"1991","unstructured":"McAninch JW, Carroll PR, Klosterman PW, Dixon CM, Greenblatt MN. Renal reconstruction after injury. J Urol. 1991;145(5):932\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000474192","volume":"30","author":"M Robert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Robert M, Drianno N, Muir G, Delbos O, Guiter J. Management of major blunt renal lacerations: surgical or nonoperative approach? Eur Urol. 1996;30(3):335\u20139 (Epub 01\/01).","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2847_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santucci RA, Doumanian L. Upper Urinary Tract Trauma. In: Wein A, editor. Campbell-walsh urology. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2012. p. 1169 pp.- pp.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6911-9.00042-6"},{"issue":"141","key":"2847_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41022-6","volume":"4","author":"PR Carroll","year":"1989","unstructured":"Carroll PR, Klosterman PW, McAninch JW. Early vascular control for renal trauma: a critical review. J Urol. 1989;4(141):826\u20139.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198204000-00004","volume":"22","author":"JW McAninch","year":"1982","unstructured":"McAninch JW, Carroll PR. Renal trauma: kidney preservation through improved vascular control-a refined approach. J Trauma. 1982;22(4):285\u201390.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2478","volume":"190","author":"BL Dunfee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dunfee BL, Lucey BC, Soto JA. Development of renal scars on CT after abdominal trauma: does grade of injury matter? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190(5):1174\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.07.2478.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2847_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64673-1","volume":"157","author":"LA Matthews","year":"1997","unstructured":"Matthews LA, Smith EM, Spirnak JP. Nonoperative treatment of major blunt renal lacerations with urinary extravasation. J Urol. 1997;157(6):2056\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64673-1.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2847_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.2747","volume":"148","author":"GM van der Wilden","year":"2013","unstructured":"van der Wilden GM, Velmahos GC, Joseph DK, Jacobs L, Debusk MG, Adams CA, et al. Successful nonoperative management of the most severe blunt renal injuries: a multicenter study of the research consortium of New England Centers for Trauma. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(10):924\u201331 (PubMed PMID: 23945834).","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2847_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liguori G, Rebez G, Larcher A, Rizzo M, Cai T, Trombetta C, et al. The role of angioembolization in the management of blunt renal injuries: a systematic review. BMC Urol. 2021;21(1):104. Epub 20210806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12894-021-00873-w. PubMed PMID: 34362352; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC8344199.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-021-00873-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR49","first-page":"526","volume":"51","author":"A Hagiwara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hagiwara A, Sakaki S, Goto H, Takenega K, Fukushima H, Matuda H, et al. The role of interventional radiology in the management of blunt renal injury: a practical protocol. J Trauma. 2001;51(3):526\u201331 (Epub 09\/06).","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2847_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Padia SA, Ingraham CR, Moriarty JM, Wilkins LR, Bream PR, Jr., Tam AL, et al. Society of Interventional Radiology Position Statement on Endovascular Intervention for Trauma. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2020;31(3):363\u20139 e2. Epub 20200114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2019.11.012. PubMed PMID: 31948744.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2019.11.012"},{"key":"2847_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Summerton DJ, Kitrey ND, Lumen N, Serafetinidis E, Djakovic N. EAU guidelines on iatrogenic trauma. Eur Urol. 2012;62(4):628\u201339. Epub 06\/22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.05.058.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.05.058"},{"key":"2847_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davis KA, Reed RL, Santaniello J, Abodeely A, Esposito TJ, Poulakidas SJ, et al. Predictors of the need for nephrectomy after renal trauma. The Journal of trauma. 2006;60(1):164\u20139; discussion 9\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000199924.39736.36.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000199924.39736.36"},{"key":"2847_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, McAninch JW, Champion HR, Gennarelli TA, et al. Organ injury scaling. III: Chest wall, abdominal vascular, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Journal of Trauma. 1992;33(3):337\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199209000-00001"},{"issue":"8","key":"2847_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-005-0857-x","volume":"44","author":"D Teber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Teber D, Egey A, G\u00f6zen AS, Rassweiler J. Harnleitertrauma. Urologe. 2005;44(8):870\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00120-005-0857-x.","journal-title":"Urologe"},{"issue":"32","key":"2847_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199204000-00019","volume":"4","author":"B Toporoff","year":"1992","unstructured":"Toporoff B, Sclafani SJ, Scalea T, Vieux E, Atweh N, Duncan AO, et al. Percutaneous antegrade ureteral stenting as an adjunct for treatment of complicated ureteral injuries. J Trauma. 1992;4(32):534\u20138.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2847_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)01505-6","volume":"16","author":"JN Corriere Jr","year":"1989","unstructured":"Corriere JN Jr, Sandler CM. Management of extraperitoneal bladder rupture. Urol Clin North Am. 1989;16(2):275\u20137 (Epub 05\/01).","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51420-2","volume":"130","author":"JK Palmer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Palmer JK, Benson GS, Corriere JN. Diagnosis and initial management of urological injuries associated with 200 consecutive pelvic fractures. J Urol. 1983;130(4):712\u20134.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2847_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez RG, Mundy T, Dubey D, El-Kassaby AW, Firdaoessaleh, Kodama R, et al. SIU\/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: Pelvic fracture urethral injuries. Urology. 2014;83(3 Suppl):S48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2013.09.023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.09.023"},{"issue":"1","key":"2847_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.08.033","volume":"95","author":"JB Tonkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tonkin JB, Tisdale BE, Jordan GH. Assessment and initial management of urologic trauma. Med Clin North Am. 2011;95(1):245\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.08.033.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"2847_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deibert CM, Spencer Ba. The association between operative repair of bladder injury and improved survival: results from the National Trauma Data Bank. The Journal of urology. 2011;186(1):151\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.002"},{"issue":"9","key":"2847_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09377.x","volume":"106","author":"GJ Wirth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wirth GJ, Peter R, Poletti P-A, Iselin CE. Advances in the management of blunt traumatic bladder rupture: experience with 36 cases. BJU Int. 2010;106(9):1344\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09377.x.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2847_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cinman NM, McAninch JW, Porten SP, Myers JB, Blaschko SD, Bagga HS, et al. Gunshot wounds to the lower urinary tract: a single-institution experience. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery. 2013;74(3):725\u201330; discussion 30\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827e1658.","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827e1658"},{"issue":"1","key":"2847_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181a1471a","volume":"64","author":"C-W Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu C-W, Lin C-H, Lin C-H. One-stage posttraumatic bladder reconstruction and soft-tissue coverage of the lower abdomen or perineum. Ann Plast Surg. 2010;64(1):65\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181a1471a.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"18","key":"2847_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2010.09.012","volume":"1","author":"KJ Wohlrab","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wohlrab KJ, Sung VW, Rardin CR. Management of laparoscopic bladder injuries. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2011;1(18):4\u20138.","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2847_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410x.2004.04805.x","volume":"93","author":"C Chapple","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chapple C, Barbagli G, Jordan G, Mundy AR, Rodrigues-Netto N, Pansadoro V, et al. Consensus statement on urethral trauma. BJU Int. 2004;93(9):1195\u2013202.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.11.092","volume":"177","author":"T Culty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Culty T, Boccon-Gibod L. Anastomotic urethroplasty for posttraumatic urethral stricture: previous urethral manipulation has a negative impact on the final outcome. J Urol. 2007;177(4):1374\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2006.11.092.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65051-1","volume":"157","author":"DS Elliott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Elliott DS, Barrett DM. Long-term Followup and Evaluation of Primary Realignment of Posterior Urethral Disruptions. J Urol. 1997;157(3):814\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65051-1.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2847_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37534-1","volume":"147","author":"HW Follis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Follis HW, Koch MO, McDougal WS. Immediate management of prostatomembranous urethral disruptions. J Urol. 1992;147(5):1259\u201362.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2847_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gheiler EL, Frontera JR. Immediate primary realignment of prostatomembranous urethral disruptions using endourologic techniques. Urology. 1997;49(4):596\u20139. Epub 04\/01. S0090- 4295(97)80002\u20137 [pii].","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)80002-7"},{"key":"2847_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koraitim MM. Pelvic fracture urethral injuries: the unresolved controversy. J Urol. 1999;161(5):1433\u201341. Epub 04\/21. S0022\u20135347(05)68918\u20135 [pii].","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68918-5"},{"key":"2847_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotkin L, Koch MO. Impotence and incontinence after immediate realignment of posterior urethral trauma: result of injury or management? J Urol. 1996;155(5):1600\u20133. Epub 05\/01. S0022- 5347(01)66140\u20138 [pii].","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66140-8"},{"key":"2847_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mouraviev VB, Coburn M, Santucci RA. The treatment of posterior urethral disruption associated with pelvic fractures: comparative experience of early realignment versus delayed urethroplasty. J Urol. 2005;173(3):873\u20136. Epub 02\/16. S0022\u20135347(05)60366\u20137 [pii] https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000152145.33215.36 [doi].","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000152145.33215.36"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000063947","volume":"69","author":"JH Ku","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ku JH, Jeon YS, Kim ME, Lee NK, Park YH. Comparison of long-term results according to the primary mode of management and type of injury for posterior urethral injuries. Urol Int. 2002;69(3):227\u201332.","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"2847_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-001-0153-x","volume":"25","author":"S Brandes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brandes S, Borrelli J Jr. Pelvic fracture and associated urologic injuries. World J Surg. 2001;25(12):1578\u201387 (Epub 01\/05).","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2847_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04978.x","volume":"94","author":"S Brandes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brandes S, Coburn M, Armenakas N, McAninch J. Diagnosis and management of 706 ureteric injury: an evidence-based analysis. BJU Int. 2004;94(3):277\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04978.x.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2847_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayher BE, Guyton JL, Gingrich JR. Impact of urethral injury management on the treatment and outcome of concurrent pelvic fractures. Urology. 2001;57(3):439\u201342. Epub 03\/15. S0090\u20134295(00)01038\u20134 [pii].","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)01038-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"2847_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02567.x","volume":"23","author":"I Nane","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nane I, Esen T, Tellaloglu S, Selhanoglu M, Akinci M. Penile fracture: emergency surgery for preservation of penile functions. Andrologia. 1991;23(4):309\u201311.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2847_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohr AM, Pham AM, Lavery RF, Sifri Z, Bargman V, Livingston DH. Management of trauma to the male external genitalia: the usefulness of American Association for the Surgery of Trauma organ injury scales. J Urol. 2003;170(6 Pt 1):2311\u20135. Epub 11\/25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000089241.71369.fa.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000089241.71369.fa"},{"issue":"6","key":"2847_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00001.x","volume":"83","author":"SN Venn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Venn SN, Greenwell TJ, Mundy AR. Pelvic fracture injuries of the female urethra. BJU Int. 1999;83(6):626\u201330 (Epub 05\/08).","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2847_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Black PC, Miller EA, Porter JR, Wessells H. Urethral and bladder neck injury associated with pelvic fracture in 25 female patients. J Urol. 2006;175(6):2140\u20134; discussion 4. Epub 05\/16. S0022\u20135347(06)00309\u20130 [pii] https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00309-0 [doi].","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00309-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"2847_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(83)90304-7","volume":"22","author":"NR Netto Junior","year":"1983","unstructured":"Netto Junior NR, Ikari O, Zuppo VP. Traumatic rupture of female urethra. Urology. 1983;22(6):601\u20133 (Epub 12\/01).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2847_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thambi Dorai CR, Boucaut HA, Dewan PA. Urethral injuries in girls with pelvic trauma. Eur Urol. 1993;24(3):371\u20134. Epub 01\/01.","DOI":"10.1159\/000474331"},{"key":"2847_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podesta ML, Jordan GH. Pelvic fracture urethral injuries in girls. J Urol. 2001;165(5):1660\u20135. Epub 05\/09. S0022\u20135347(05)66386\u20130 [pii","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66386-0"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02847-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02847-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02847-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:06:29Z","timestamp":1770721589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02847-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02847-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required, because the study used publicly accessible documents as evidence.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}}],"article-number":"182"}}