{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:14:48Z","timestamp":1790205288392,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Ulm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphopenia is associated with adverse clinical outcome in trauma, but no immunomonitoring method is established to identify patients at risk. Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) represents a promising biomarker and may support clinical decision-making in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study examined the temporal patterns of ALC in severely injured patients and their correlation with clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>38 severely injured patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 18 and greater were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on admission and after 8, 24 and 48\u00a0h and 5 and 10 days. 38 healthy volunteers served as controls. Patients were classified into four groups after 48\u00a0h based on their dynamic ALC: persistent lymphopenia (PL), rapidly decreasing (RD), slowly rising (SR) and normal fluctuation (NF). The groups were compared regarding physical performative outcome - defined as unfavorable when patients died or new functional disability necessitated long term care, in-hospital mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), and incidence of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant reduction in ALC was observed in all patients over 10 days when compared to healthy volunteers, with all patients trending towards a recovery of their ALC after 10 days. PL and RD were associated with an unfavorable physical performative outcome, increased in-hospital mortality, ICU LOS and incidence of MODS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dynamic course of ALC represents a cheap and clinically implementable approach for immunomonitoring within 48\u00a0h in severely injured patients. The ALC dynamic may early identify severely injured patients at risk, thus facilitating more informed clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02864-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T09:43:25Z","timestamp":1746179005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Absolute lymphocyte count trajectory predicts clinical outcome in severely injured patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6957-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena-Marie","family":"Reichardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0274-5443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Hindelang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00f6nna","family":"S\u00fcberkr\u00fcb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Lena","family":"Hamberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6920-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan A.","family":"Graw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6607-2539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Schuetze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3662-9102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Zechendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8060-2076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Halbgebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1968-9007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Wohlgemuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3279-8633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Gebhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2359-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Huber-Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borna","family":"Relja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-4248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian B.","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2864_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2996","volume":"5","author":"C Fitzmaurice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, et al. 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