{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:02:18Z","timestamp":1784602938890,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health","award":["Award Number D43TW007292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Award Number D43TW007292"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02978-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:54:06Z","timestamp":1761648846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High trauma mortality and severe injury burden in Pakistan: epidemiology, surgical interventions, and in-hospital care from a digital hospital-based trauma registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Natasha","family":"Shaukat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Bazil","family":"Musharraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komal Abdul","family":"Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma Altaf Hussain","family":"Merchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanweer","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huba","family":"Atiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzma Rahim","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NadeemUllah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Mushtaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junaid","family":"Razzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"2978_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2978_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2021). Injuries and violence 2021 [01-11-2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/injuries-and-violence"},{"key":"2978_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (\u200e2023). Global status report on road safety 2023 [01-11-2025]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/375016"},{"key":"2978_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023). Global status report on road safety 2023: Pakistan country and territory profiles [01-11-2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/injuries-and-violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2978_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2023.2165744","volume":"28","author":"SYL Quake","year":"2024","unstructured":"Quake SYL, Khoda F, Arjomandi Rad A, Subbiah Ponniah H, Vardanyan R, Frisoni P, et al. The current status and challenges of prehospital trauma care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2024;28(1):76\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10903127.2023.2165744.","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"04","key":"2978_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1732351","volume":"07","author":"D Shanthakumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shanthakumar D, Payne A, Leitch T, Alfa-Wali M. Trauma care in Low- and Middle-Income countries. Surg J (N Y). 2021;07(04):e281\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1732351.","journal-title":"Surg J (N Y)"},{"key":"2978_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.103137","volume":"72","author":"O Tanoli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanoli O, Ahmad H, Khan H, Khattak FA, Khan A, Mikhail A, et al. A pilot trauma registry in Peshawar, Pakistan - a roadmap to decreasing the burden of injury - quality improvement study. Ann Med Surg. 2021;72:103137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.103137.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2978_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.53730\/ijhs.v7nS1.14288","volume":"7","author":"MS Memon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Memon MS, Ismail H, Baqi S, Mannan A, Murtaza G, Rahujo N, et al. Establishment and evaluation of Pakistan\u2019s trauma registry: insights from a public sector trauma institute. Int J Health Sci. 2023;7(S1):870\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53730\/ijhs.v7nS1.14288.","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"2978_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227x-13-4","volume":"13","author":"A Mehmood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehmood A, Razzak JA, Kabir S, Mackenzie EJ, Hyder AA. Development and pilot implementation of a locally developed trauma registry: lessons learnt in a low-income country. BMC Emerg Med. 2013;13:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-227x-13-4.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"2978_CR10","unstructured":"Aga Khan University. Acute Trauma Care 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/hospitals.aku.edu\/pakistan\/health-solutions\/Pages\/acute-trauma-care.aspx"},{"key":"2978_CR11","unstructured":"Rafi Y. Meet the hidden angels of Jinnah Hospital 2015 [Available from: https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1210221"},{"issue":"1","key":"2978_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-023-02011-9","volume":"23","author":"K Kamabu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kamabu K, La OSJ, Tumwesigye D, Okedi XF, Kyomukama L, Muhumuza J, et al. 24 h mortality and its predictors among road traffic accident victims in a resource limited setting; a multicenter cohort study. BMC Surg. 2023;23(1):97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12893-023-02011-9.","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2978_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05805-7","volume":"45","author":"P Bhandarkar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhandarkar P, Patil P, Soni KD, O\u2019Reilly GM, Dharap S, Mathew J, Sharma N, Sarang B, Gadgil A, Roy N. An analysis of 30-Day in-Hospital trauma mortality in four urban university hospitals using the Australia India trauma registry. World J Surg. 2021;45(2):380\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-020-05805-7.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2978_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3452-y","volume":"40","author":"N Roy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roy N, Gerdin M, Ghosh S, Gupta A, Kumar V, Khajanchi M, Schneider EB, Gruen R, Tomson G, von Schreeb J. 30-Day In-hospital trauma mortality in four urban university hospitals using an Indian trauma registry. World J Surg. 2016;40(6):1299\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-016-3452-y.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2978_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000070","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2016-000070","volume":"2","author":"TJ Huei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huei TJ, Mohamad Y, Lip HTC, Md Noh N, Imran Alwi R. Prognostic predictors of early mortality from exsanguination in adult trauma: a Malaysian trauma center experience. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2017;2(1):e000070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tsaco-2016-000070.","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2978_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000247","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2018-000247","volume":"3","author":"S Matsumoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsumoto S, Jung K, Smith A, Yamazaki M, Kitano M, Coimbra R. Comparison of trauma outcomes between Japan and the USA using national trauma registries. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2018;3(1):e000247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tsaco-2018-000247.","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2978_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01446-6","volume":"48","author":"S Candefjord","year":"2022","unstructured":"Candefjord S, Asker L, Caragounis EC. Mortality of trauma patients treated at trauma centers compared to non-trauma centers in Sweden: a retrospective study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;48(1):525\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-020-01446-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"2978_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2705-x","volume":"38","author":"H Abdelrahman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdelrahman H, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H, Consunji R, Zarour A, Peralta R, et al. Time-based trauma-related mortality patterns in a newly created trauma system. World J Surg. 2014;38(11):2804\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-014-2705-x.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2978_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.Jns182182","volume":"132","author":"S Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta S, Khajanchi M, Kumar V, Raykar NP, Alkire BC, Roy N, Park KB. Third delay in traumatic brain injury: time to management as a predictor of mortality. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(1):289\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.8.Jns182182.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02978-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02978-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02978-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:08:27Z","timestamp":1770721707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02978-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-025-02978-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9933","1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9933","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by The Aga Khan University Ethics Review Committee (ERC). The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed verbal consent was obtained from all the participants before starting data collection. Participation was voluntary, and the right to ask any questions and to decline participation\/leave the study at any time was emphasized during the data collection. Data was anonymized during data management, analysis, and reporting.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"312"}}