{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:45:49Z","timestamp":1793065549145,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key determinant of skeletal strength, relevant in many disciplines. Freezing is widely used to preserve cadaveric bone, but its effect on BMD remains controversal. This study assessed whether a vBMD is altered in frozen versus thawed state of human vertebral bodies measured by quantitative computed tomography (qCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-three human vertebrae (14 C7, 9 Th1, 10 Th2) were stored at \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C. Trabecular and cortical vBMD were measured in the frozen state (\u2212\u200915 to \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C) using qCT with a calibration phantom. After thawing overnight at room temperature, identical scans were performed. Paired t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients compared frozen and thawed values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One trabecular specimen was excluded as an outlier. Mean trabecular volometeic bone mineral density (vBMD) was 154.68\u00a0mg Ca-HA\/ml (frozen) vs. 148.93\u00a0mg Ca-HA\/ml (thawed), mean difference \u2212\u20095.74\u00a0mg Ca-HA\/ml (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.164). Cortical vBMD was 219.56\u00a0mg Ca-HA\/ml (frozen) vs. 219.90\u00a0mg Ca-HA\/ml (thawed), mean difference 0.34\u00a0mg Ca-HA\/ml (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.948). Correlations between frozen and thawed values were strong (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.89 trabecular;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.94 cortical).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single freeze\u2013thaw cycle at \u2212\u200920\u00a0\u00b0C does not significantly alter cortical or trabecular vBMD in human vertebral bodies measured by qCT. These results support the measurement of BMD of frozen specimens, minimizing handling and avoiding unnecessary thawing in research and forensic settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-03056-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:27:51Z","timestamp":1768296471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trabecular and cortical bone mineral density in human vertebrae: comparison of frozen and thawed States with qCT"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Titus","family":"K\u00fchlein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian Cavalcanti","family":"Ku\u00dfmaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Zaccaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Reidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"B\u00f6cker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Linhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3056_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Currey JD. 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