{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:04:06Z","timestamp":1776679446527,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-026-03178-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T09:19:52Z","timestamp":1776676792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel concept for splint fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures: a biomechanical feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0437-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Ziegenhain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Zderic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7778-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Geoff","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9795-115X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boyko","family":"Gueorguiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rald V. M.","family":"Groven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2738-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7729-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Hildebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2059-4980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Christoph","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Till","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.02.017","volume":"49","author":"MH Hulsmans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hulsmans MH, van Heijl M, Houwert RM, Burger BJ, Verleisdonk EJM, et al. Surgical fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures: A systematic review of biomechanical studies. Injury. 2018;49:753\u201365.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3178_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.10.006","volume":"25","author":"DJ Wilson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilson DJ, Scully WF, Min KS, Harmon TA, Eichinger JK, Arrington ED. Biomechanical analysis of intramedullary vs. superior plate fixation of transverse midshaft clavicle fractures. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2016;25:949\u201353.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3178_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0126131","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126131","volume":"10","author":"L Zeng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeng L, Wei H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Pan Y, et al. Titanium Elastic Nail (TEN) versus Reconstruction Plate Repair of Midshaft Clavicular Fractures: A Finite Element Study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0126131.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3178_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-025-02854-2","volume":"51","author":"F Pretz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pretz F, Zderic I, Beeres FJP, Link BC, Babst R, et al. Primary stability of nailing versus low-profile dual plating of mid-clavicular fractures- a biomechanical cadaveric study. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025;51:183.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3178_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03256-8","volume":"21","author":"P Hoogervorst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoogervorst P, van Dam T, Verdonschot N, Hannink G. Functional outcomes and complications of intramedullary fixation devices for Midshaft clavicle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21:395.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"3178_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-025-03294-1","volume":"63","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Li J, Tam AY, Lee TT, Peng Y, et al. Finite element modeling of clavicle fracture fixations: a systematic scoping review. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2025;63:1585\u2013607.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"3178_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.08.065","volume":"21","author":"YW Tarng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tarng YW, Yang SW, Fang YP, Hsu CJ. Surgical management of uncomplicated midshaft clavicle fractures: a comparison between titanium elastic nails and small reconstruction plates. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2012;21:732\u201340.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3178_CR8","first-page":"E82","volume":"69","author":"HH Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu HH, Chang CH, Chia WT, Chen CH, Tarng YW, Wong CY. Comparison of plates versus intramedullary nails for fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. J Trauma. 2010;69:E82\u20137.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"3178_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-011-0158-7","volume":"12","author":"JE Assobhi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Assobhi JE. Reconstruction plate versus minimal invasive retrograde titanium elastic nail fixation for displaced midclavicular fractures. J Orthop Traumatol. 2011;12:185\u201392.","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"3178_CR10","unstructured":"Sheen JR, Mabrouk A, Garla VV. 2023. Fracture healing overview. In StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing. Number of."},{"key":"3178_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31829d1a76","volume":"33","author":"M Rapp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rapp M, Prinz K, Kaiser MM. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing for displaced pediatric clavicle midshaft fractures: A prospective study of the results and patient satisfaction in 24 children and adolescents aged 10 to 15 years. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33:608\u201313.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"3178_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1792","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001792","volume":"94","author":"XH Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang XH, Cheng L, Guo WJ, Li AB, Cheng GJ, et al. Plate Versus Intramedullary Fixation Care of Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials. Med (Baltim). 2015;94:e1792.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"3178_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-023-00798-7","volume":"35","author":"C Michelitsch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Michelitsch C, Beeres F, Burkhard MD, Stillhard PF, Babst R, Sommer C. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for clavicle fractures. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2023;35:92\u20139.","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"3178_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.55095\/achot2014\/012","volume":"81","author":"KF Braun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braun KF, Siebenlist S, Sandmann GH, Martetschl\u00e4ger F, Kraus T, et al. Functional results following titanium elastic-stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of mid-shaft clavicle fractures. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2014;81:118\u201321.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech"},{"key":"3178_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508328103","volume":"37","author":"A Frigg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frigg A, Rillmann P, Perren T, Gerber M, Ryf C. Intramedullary nailing of clavicular midshaft fractures with the titanium elastic nail: problems and complications. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37:352\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"3178_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-018-0459-x","volume":"121","author":"A Eickhoff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eickhoff A, Fischer M, Gebhard F, Ehrnthaller C. [Complications after intramedullary stabilization of clavicle fractures]. Unfallchirurg. 2018;121:810\u20136.","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"3178_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.02.033","volume":"42","author":"V Smekal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smekal V, Irenberger A, Attal RE, Oberladstaetter J, Krappinger D, Kralinger F. Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is best for mid-shaft clavicular fractures without comminution: results in 60 patients. Injury. 2011;42:324\u20139.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3178_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02400-y","volume":"50","author":"IR Buenter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buenter IR, Kremo V, Beeres FJP, van Veelen NM, Galliker B, et al. Does plate position influence the outcome in midshaft clavicular fractures? A multicenter analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2024;50:1023\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3178_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oulianski M, Weil Y, Ben Yehuda O, Mosheiff R, Jammal M. 2025. Have new plate designs reduced the rate of hardware removal following midshaft clavicle fracture fixation? J Clin Med 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14186351"},{"key":"3178_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0336-z","volume":"10","author":"L Eden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eden L, Ziegler D, Gilbert F, Fehske K, Fenwick A, Meffert RH. Significant pain reduction and improved functional outcome after surgery for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. J Orthop Surg Res. 2015;10:190.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3178_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.08.008","volume":"33","author":"T Pastor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pastor T, Zderic I, Berk T, Souleiman F, Vogelin E, et al. New generation of superior single plating vs. low-profile dual minifragment plating in diaphyseal clavicle fractures: a biomechanical comparative study. J Shoulder Elb Surg. 2024;33:409\u201316.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elb Surg"},{"key":"3178_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2022.105634","volume":"94","author":"T Pastor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pastor T, Knobe M, van de Wall BJM, Rompen IF, Zderic I, et al. Low-profile dual mini-fragment plating of diaphyseal clavicle fractures. A biomechanical comparative testing. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2022;94:105634.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"3178_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2020.105199","volume":"80","author":"P Yanev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yanev P, Zderic I, Pukalski Y, Enchev D, Rashkov M, et al. Two reconstruction plates provide superior stability of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in comparison to single plating - A biomechanical study. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2020;80:105199.","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"key":"3178_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.06.004","volume":"47","author":"M Ni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ni M, Niu W, Wong DW-C, Zeng W, Mei J, Zhang M. Finite element analysis of locking plate and two types of intramedullary nails for treating mid-shaft clavicle fractures. Injury. 2016;47:1618\u201323.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3178_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0318004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318004","volume":"20","author":"Y Lecoultre","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lecoultre Y, van de Wall B, Link BC, Kik C, Babst R, Beeres F. Low-profile double plating versus conventional single plating in midshaft clavicle fractures: A retrospective study and initial experience with this novel technique. PLoS ONE. 2025;20:e0318004.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3178_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1845-7","volume":"469","author":"A Frigg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frigg A, Rillmann P, Ryf C, Glaab R, Reissner L. Can complications of titanium elastic nailing with end cap for clavicular fractures be reduced? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469:3356\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"3178_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31825611da","volume":"32","author":"BM Frye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frye BM, Rye S, McDonough EB, Bal GK. Operative treatment of adolescent clavicle fractures with an intramedullary clavicle pin. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32:334\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"3178_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95975-y","volume":"15","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Nie W, Bi H, Hou J, Li Z, et al. Limitations in rotational correction: 3D displacement analysis of midshaft clavicle fractures with titanium elastic nails. Sci Rep. 2025;15:11870.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3178_CR29","first-page":"111","volume":"22","author":"J Elfar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elfar J, Menorca RM, Reed JD, Stanbury S. Composite bone models in orthopaedic surgery research and education. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22:111\u201320.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3178_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.08.013","volume":"41","author":"AD Heiner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heiner AD. Structural properties of fourth-generation composite femurs and tibias. J Biomech. 2008;41:3282\u20134.","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03178-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03178-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03178-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T09:19:57Z","timestamp":1776676797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03178-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03178-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not involve any testing on human or animal specimens. All tests were carried out using synthetic bones. Therefore, no ethical approval was needed. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"137"}}