{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:36:31Z","timestamp":1792589791959,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic injury induces a neutrophil associated inflammatory response mediated by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This response can be maladaptive, increasing risk of infection. Since blunt thoracic injuries are associated with high infection rates, we hypothesized that these injuries elicit a stronger neutrophil associated inflammatory response than injuries to other body regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort study was conducted in adult patients presenting at the trauma bay of a level 1 trauma center between March 2020 and November 2022. These patients underwent routine analysis of their neutrophil associated inflammatory response by phenotyping blood neutrophils using automated flow cytometry. Injury per body region was counted when the Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) scores were \u22653 to focus on substantial injuries. The primary outcome was an extensive post-traumatic inflammatory neutrophil response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>861 patients were included. Blunt internal thoracic injuries showed the strongest association with severe neutrophil associated inflammation (OR 5.7), followed by abdominal (OR 2.6), pelvis (OR 2.5) and lower extremities (OR 2.3), even when corrected for ISS, age and hemodynamic instability. In multivariable analysis, only thoracic internal injuries remained a statistically significant contributor to excessive neutrophil associated inflammation (OR 5.4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injuries to internal thoracic organs elicit a more pronounced post-traumatic neutrophil associated inflammatory response than injuries of similar severity in other body regions. This might be due to greater release of DAMPs from the soft tissue of the lungs. Understanding the body region-specific activation of neutrophil associated inflammation may support more patient-tailored surgical strategies to lower the infection risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-026-03221-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:35:03Z","timestamp":1780410903000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Injury to the thorax is a dominant contributor to post-traumatic neutrophil mediated inflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"F. J. C.","family":"van Eerten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. V.","family":"Duebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"de Fraiture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. F.","family":"Hanlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Breuking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Brands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. D.","family":"van den Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. J. P.","family":"van Wessem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Vrisekoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Koenderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Hietbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3221_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Injuries and violence [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 May 1]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/injuries-and-violence#. Accessed 1 May 2025."},{"key":"3221_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.983259","author":"EJ de Fraiture","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Fraiture EJ, Vrisekoop N, Leenen LPH, van Wessem KJP, Koenderman L, Hietbrink F. Longitudinal assessment of the inflammatory response: The next step in personalized medicine after severe trauma. Front Med (Lausanne. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.983259.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne"},{"key":"3221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000398","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2019-000398","volume":"5","author":"KJP van Wessem","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Wessem KJP, Hietbrink F, Leenen LPH. Attenuation of MODS-related and ARDS-related mortality makes infectious complications a remaining challenge in the severely injured. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2020;5:e000398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tsaco-2019-000398.","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"key":"3221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.12.002","volume":"45","author":"R Easton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Easton R, Balogh ZJ. Peri-operative changes in serum immune markers after trauma: a systematic review. Injury. 2014;45:934\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.12.002.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-02134-3","volume":"49","author":"EJ de Fraiture","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Fraiture EJ, Bongers SH, Jukema BN, Koenderman L, Vrisekoop N, van Wessem KJP, et al. Visualization of the inflammatory response to injury by neutrophil phenotype categories: Neutrophil phenotypes after trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2023;49:1023\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-022-02134-3.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.021","volume":"45","author":"J Hazeldine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hazeldine J, Hampson P, Lord JM. The impact of trauma on neutrophil function. Injury. 2014;45:1824\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.021.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3221_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674079","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.674079","volume":"12","author":"SH Bongers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bongers SH, Chen N, van Grinsven E, van Staveren S, Hassani M, Spijkerman R, et al. Kinetics of Neutrophil Subsets in Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol. 2021;12:674079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.674079.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hellebrekers P, Hesselink L, Huisman A, ten Berg M, Koenderman L, Leenen LPH, et al. Recognizing the mobilization of neutrophils with banded nuclei early after trauma. Int J Lab Hematol. 2020;42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijlh.13272.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13272"},{"key":"3221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01179-1","volume":"46","author":"M Hofman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hofman M, Andruszkow H, Kobbe P, Poeze M, Hildebrand F. Incidence of post-traumatic pneumonia in poly-traumatized patients: identifying the role of traumatic brain injury and chest trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46:11\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-019-01179-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-010-0041-x","volume":"37","author":"T Visser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Visser T, Hietbrink F, Groeneveld KM, Koenderman L, Leenen LPH. Isolated blunt chest injury leads to transient activation of circulating neutrophils. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2011;37:177\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-010-0041-x.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.030","volume":"45","author":"KM Groeneveld","year":"2014","unstructured":"Groeneveld KM, Hietbrink F, Hardcastle TC, Warren BL, Koenderman L, Leenen LPH. Penetrating thorax injury leads to mild systemic activation of neutrophils without inflammatory complications. Injury. 2014;45:522\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.09.030.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3221_CR12","unstructured":"Dutch National Trauma Registry (DNTR). 2020. Landelijk Netwerk Acute Zorg (LNAZ). https:\/\/www.lnaz.nl\/trauma\/landelijke-traumaregistratie. 2024."},{"key":"3221_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31828b82f5","volume":"74","author":"Advanced trauma life support (ATLS\u00ae)","year":"2013","unstructured":"Advanced trauma life support (ATLS\u00ae). J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74:1363\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e31828b82f5.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197403000-00001","volume":"14","author":"SP Baker","year":"1974","unstructured":"Baker SP, O\u2019Neill B, Haddon W, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma. 1974;14:187\u201396.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"3221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2020.1725494","volume":"21","author":"J Barnes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barnes J, Loftis KL, Jones L, Price JP, Gillich PJ, Cookman K, et al. Development of an expert derived ICD-AIS map for serious AIS3\u2009+\u2009injury identification. Traffic Inj Prev. 2020;21:181\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15389588.2020.1725494.","journal-title":"Traffic Inj Prev"},{"key":"3221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rau C-S, Wu S-C, Kuo P-J, Chen Y-C, Chien P-C, Hsieh H-Y, et al. Polytrauma defined by the new berlin definition: a validation test based on propensity-score matching approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14091045.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14091045"},{"key":"3221_CR17","unstructured":"Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). https:\/\/www.aaam.org\/abbreviated-injury-scale-ais\/"},{"key":"3221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Fraiture EJ, Bongers SH, Jukema BN, Koenderman L, Vrisekoop N, van Wessem KJP, et al. Visualization of the inflammatory response to injury by neutrophil phenotype categories: Neutrophil phenotypes after trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2023;49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-022-02134-3.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-02134-3"},{"key":"3221_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22625","volume":"87","author":"S Van Gassen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Gassen S, Callebaut B, Van Helden MJ, Lambrecht BN, Demeester P, Dhaene T, et al. FlowSOM: Using self-organizing maps for visualization and interpretation of cytometry data. Cytometry Part A. 2015;87:636\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cyto.a.22625.","journal-title":"Cytometry Part A"},{"key":"3221_CR20","unstructured":"R Core Team. A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria 2017. Vienna, Austria; 2017."},{"key":"3221_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2015.40.2.172","volume":"40","author":"H-Y Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim H-Y. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: post-hoc multiple comparisons. Restor Dent Endod. 2015;40:172\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5395\/rde.2015.40.2.172.","journal-title":"Restor Dent Endod"},{"key":"3221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow Stanley, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. Wiley; 2013.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"3221_CR23","unstructured":"Gennarelli TA, Wodzin Professor E. ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE \u00a9 2005 UPDATE 2008 Editors. 2005."},{"key":"3221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-005-2033-9","volume":"31","author":"V V\u00e9csei","year":"2005","unstructured":"V\u00e9csei V, Arbes S, Aldrian S, Nau T. Chest Injuries in Polytrauma. Eur J Trauma. 2005;31:239\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-005-2033-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma"},{"key":"3221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-017-0469-7","volume":"26","author":"M Grubm\u00fcller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grubm\u00fcller M, Kerschbaum M, Diepold E, Angerpointner K, Nerlich M, Ernstberger A. Severe thoracic trauma \u2013 still an independent predictor for death in multiple injured patients? Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018;26:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13049-017-0469-7.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"3221_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.26015","volume":"43","author":"AM Saiz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saiz AM, Rahmati M, Gresham RCH, Baldini TD, Burgan J, Lee MA, et al. Polytrauma impairs fracture healing accompanied by increased persistence of innate inflammatory stimuli and reduced adaptive response. J Orthop Res. 2025;43:603\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.26015.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01098-1","volume":"46","author":"P St\u00f6rmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"St\u00f6rmann P, Wagner N, K\u00f6hler K, Auner B, Simon T-P, Pfeifer R, et al. Monotrauma is associated with enhanced remote inflammatory response and organ damage, while polytrauma intensifies both in porcine trauma model. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46:31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-019-01098-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0154-1","volume":"12","author":"J Bayer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bayer J, Lefering R, Reinhardt S, K\u00fchle J, Zwingmann J, S\u00fcdkamp NP, et al. Thoracic trauma severity contributes to differences in intensive care therapy and mortality of severely injured patients: analysis based on the TraumaRegister DGU\u00ae. World J Emerg Surg. 2017;12:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13017-017-0154-1.","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827d5f1b","volume":"74","author":"S Weckbach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weckbach S, Hohmann C, Braumueller S, Denk S, Klohs B, Stahel PF, et al. Inflammatory and apoptotic alterations in serum and injured tissue after experimental polytrauma in mice: distinct early response compared with single trauma or double-hit injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74:489\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827d5f1b.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21299","volume":"29","author":"S Recknagel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Recknagel S, Bindl R, Kurz J, Wehner T, Ehrnthaller C, Kn\u00f6ferl MW, et al. Experimental blunt chest trauma impairs fracture healing in rats. J Orthop Res. 2011;29:734\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.21299.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318278956d","volume":"74","author":"S Recknagel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Recknagel S, Bindl R, Brochhausen C, G\u00f6ckelmann M, Wehner T, Schoengraf P, et al. Systemic inflammation induced by a thoracic trauma alters the cellular composition of the early fracture callus. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74:531\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e318278956d.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.03.020","volume":"47","author":"HC Pape","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pape HC, Andruszkow H, Pfeifer R, Hildebrand F, Barkatali BM. Options and hazards of the early appropriate care protocol for trauma patients with major fractures: Towards safe definitive surgery. Injury. 2016;47:787\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2016.03.020.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3221_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000161712.87129.80","volume":"19","author":"H-C Pape","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pape H-C, Giannoudis PV, Krettek C, Trentz O. Timing of fixation of major fractures in blunt polytrauma: role of conventional indicators in clinical decision making. J Orthop Trauma. 2005;19:551\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.bot.0000161712.87129.80.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"3221_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014010117","volume":"25","author":"H-J Anders","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anders H-J, Schaefer L. Beyond tissue injury-damage-associated molecular patterns, toll-like receptors, and inflammasomes also drive regeneration and fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25:1387\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2014010117.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eppensteiner J, Kwun J, Scheuermann U, Barbas A, Limkakeng AT, Kuchibhatla M, et al. Damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns play differential roles in late mortality after critical illness. JCI Insight. 2019;4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.127925.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127925"},{"key":"3221_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60687-5","volume":"384","author":"JM Lord","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lord JM, Midwinter MJ, Chen Y-F, Belli A, Brohi K, Kovacs EJ, et al. The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet. 2014;384:1455\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60687-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3221_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.04.009","volume":"53","author":"H-C Pape","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pape H-C, Moore EE, McKinley T, Sauaia A. Pathophysiology in patients with polytrauma. Injury. 2022;53:2400\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2022.04.009.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3221_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01330","volume":"9","author":"M Vourc\u2019h","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vourc\u2019h M, Roquilly A, Asehnoune K. Trauma-Induced Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns-Mediated Remote Organ Injury and Immunosuppression in the Acutely Ill Patient. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01330.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3221_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08780","volume":"464","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Raoof M, Chen Y, Sumi Y, Sursal T, Junger W, et al. Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature. 2010;464:104\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08780.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3221_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hatton IA, Galbraith ED, Merleau NSC, Miettinen TP, Smith BM, Shander JA. The human cell count and size distribution. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2023;120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2303077120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2303077120"},{"key":"3221_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scozzi D, Liao F, Krupnick AS, Kreisel D, Gelman AE. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in acute lung injury. Front Immunol. 2022;13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.953195.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.953195"},{"key":"3221_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00159","volume":"8","author":"CM Doerschuk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Doerschuk CM. Mechanisms of leukocyte sequestration in inflamed lungs. Microcirculation. 2001;8:71\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1549-8719.2001.tb00159.","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"3221_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.6.3040","volume":"74","author":"CM Doerschuk","year":"1993","unstructured":"Doerschuk CM, Beyers N, Coxson HO, Wiggs B, Hogg JC. Comparison of neutrophil and capillary diameters and their relation to neutrophil sequestration in the lung. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993;74:3040\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.6.3040.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"3221_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park I, Kim M, Choe K, Song E, Seo H, Hwang Y, et al. Neutrophils disturb pulmonary microcirculation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Eur Respir J. 2019;53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00786-2018.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00786-2018"},{"key":"3221_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03321-z","volume":"17","author":"PJ Spreadborough","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spreadborough PJ, Strong AL, Mares J, Levi B, Davis TA. Tourniquet use following blast-associated complex lower limb injury and traumatic amputation promotes end organ dysfunction and amplified heterotopic ossification formation. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022;17:422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-022-03321-z.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"3221_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-024-02574-z","volume":"50","author":"FJC van Eerten","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Eerten FJC, de Fraiture EJ, Duebel LV, Vrisekoop N, van Wessem KJP, Koenderman L, et al. Limited impact of traumatic brain injury on the post-traumatic inflammatory cellular response. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2024;50:3049\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-024-02574-z.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017015578","volume":"2","author":"PHC Leliefeld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leliefeld PHC, Pillay J, Vrisekoop N, Heeres M, Tak T, Kox M, et al. Differential antibacterial control by neutrophil subsets. Blood Adv. 2018;2:1344\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017015578.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"3221_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-0299-1","volume":"8","author":"L Hesselink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hesselink L, Spijkerman R, de Fraiture E, Bongers S, Van Wessem KJP, Vrisekoop N, et al. New automated analysis to monitor neutrophil function point-of-care in the intensive care unit after trauma. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2020;8:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-020-0299-1.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"3221_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57990","volume":"122","author":"J Pillay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pillay J, Kamp VM, van Hoffen E, Visser T, Tak T, Lammers J-W, et al. A subset of neutrophils in human systemic inflammation inhibits T cell responses through Mac-1. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:327\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI57990.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3221_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3476","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-07-727669","volume":"129","author":"T Tak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tak T, Wijten P, Heeres M, Pickkers P, Scholten A, Heck AJR, et al. Human CD62Ldim neutrophils identified as a separate subset by proteome profiling and in vivo pulse-chase labeling. Blood. 2017;129:3476\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2016-07-727669.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"3221_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000153942.28015.77","volume":"58","author":"PJ Harwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harwood PJ, Giannoudis PV, van Griensven M, Krettek C, Pape H-C. Alterations in the systemic inflammatory response after early total care and damage control procedures for femoral shaft fracture in severely injured patients. J Trauma. 2005;58:446\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ta.0000153942.28015.77. discussion 452-4.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"3221_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-01916-z","volume":"48","author":"KJP van Wessem","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Wessem KJP, Leenen LPH, Hietbrink F. Physiology dictated treatment after severe trauma: timing is everything. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;48:3969\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-022-01916-z.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983259","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.983259","volume":"9","author":"EJ de Fraiture","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Fraiture EJ, Vrisekoop N, Leenen LPH, van Wessem KJP, Koenderman L, Hietbrink F. Longitudinal assessment of the inflammatory response: The next step in personalized medicine after severe trauma. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:983259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.983259.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"3221_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494831","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1494831","volume":"12","author":"EJ de Fraiture","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Fraiture EJ, Reniers T, Vreeman NEW, Rettig TCD, van Santvoort HC, Bikker A, et al. Neutrophil phenotypes quantify tissue damage caused by major surgery. Front Surg. 2025;12:1494831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1494831.","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"3221_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004428","volume":"97","author":"R Pfeifer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pfeifer R, Klingebiel FK-L, Balogh ZJ, Beeres FJP, Coimbra R, Fang C, et al. Early major fracture care in polytrauma\u2014priorities in the context of concomitant injuries: A Delphi consensus process and systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;97:639\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0000000000004428.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3221_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.12.024","volume":"51","author":"TA Moore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moore TA, Simske NM, Vallier HA. Fracture fixation in the polytrauma patient: Markers that matter. Injury. 2020;51(Suppl 2):S10\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2019.12.024.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"3221_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.08.017","volume":"45","author":"A Timm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Timm A, Maegele M, Lefering R, Wendt K, Wyen H, TraumaRegister, DGU(\u00ae). Pre-hospital rescue times and actions in severe trauma. A comparison between two trauma systems: Germany and the Netherlands. Injury. 2014;45(Suppl 3):S43\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.08.017.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3221_CR58","unstructured":"Landelijk Netwerk Acute Zorg (LNAZ). Landelijke Traumaregistratie 2018\u20132022: Landelijk rapportage 2023. https:\/\/www.lnaz.nl\/cms\/files\/231101_rapport_landelijke_traumaregistratie_2018_-_2022_-_definitief.pdf. 2023."},{"key":"3221_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.11.018","volume":"52","author":"M Teuben","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teuben M, Heeres M, Blokhuis T, Hollman A, Vrisekoop N, Tan E, et al. Instant intra-operative neutropenia despite the emergence of banded (CD16dim\/CD62Lbright) neutrophils in peripheral blood - An observational study during extensive trauma-surgery in pigs. Injury. 2021;52:426\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2020.11.018.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"3221_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.05.015","volume":"52","author":"LM Sturms","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sturms LM, Driessen MLS, van Klaveren D, Ten Duis H-J, Kommer GJ, Bloemers FW, et al. Dutch trauma system performance: Are injured patients treated at the right place? Injury. 2021;52:1688\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2021.05.015.","journal-title":"Injury"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03221-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03221-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03221-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:35:12Z","timestamp":1780410912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03221-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03221-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the UMCU ethical review committee (24U-0097_QoTc). The processing and storage of data were in accordance with privacy and ethics regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The objection for informed consent according to the code of conduct for medical research was applicable. This research involves patients who suffered a trauma up to 10 years ago. This involves\u2009>\u2009500 patients, which makes asking every individual patient for informed consent disproportionate and is therefore undesirable. Moreover, contact information might be outdated and a significant part of the patients will be deceased. No study-specific informed consent was asked. The waiver of informed consent was reviewed and approved by the local ethical review committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"177"}}