{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:18:56Z","timestamp":1787815136047,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-026-03273-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:46:27Z","timestamp":1787813187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of pre- versus postoperative geriatric consultation in elderly patients with hip fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9167-209X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatmanur B.","family":"Aydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duco W. P. M.","family":"Laane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"van Rossum du Chattel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco T.","family":"DiStefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander H.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirushan","family":"Wignakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arinzechukwu","family":"Nwagbata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"van der Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes J. M.","family":"van Delden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3273_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002465","author":"Y Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong Y, Zhang Y, Song K, Kang H, Ye D, Li F. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2023;481(6):1209\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002465. What was the epidemiology and global burden of disease of hip fractures from 1990 to 2019? Results from and additional analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0332-0","volume":"16","author":"SM Dyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dyer SM, Crotty M, Fairhall N, Magaziner J, Beaupre LA, Cameron ID, et al. A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture. BMC Geriatr. 2016;16(1):158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-016-0332-0.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-019-0529-z","volume":"20","author":"SGCJ De Joode","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Joode SGCJ, Kalmet PHS, Fiddelers AAA, Poeze M, Blokhuis TJ. Long-term functional outcome after a low-energy hip fracture in elderly patients. J Orthop Traumatol. 2019;20(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10195-019-0529-z.","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3273_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13471","volume":"18","author":"S Moerman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moerman S, Mathijssen NM, Tuinebreijer WE, Nelissen RG, Vochteloo AJ. Less than one-third of hip fracture patients return to their prefracture level of instrumental activities of daily living in a prospective cohort study of 480 patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18(8):1244\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.13471.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"3273_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.46.BJO-2023-0045.R1","volume":"4","author":"RS Penfold","year":"2023","unstructured":"Penfold RS, Hall AJ, Anand A, Clement ND, Duckworth AD, Maclullich AMJ. Delirium in hip fracture patients admitted from home during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with higher mortality, longer total length of stay, need for post-acute inpatient rehabilitation, and readmission to acute services. Bone Jt Open. 2023;4(6):447\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2633-1462.46.BJO-2023-0045.R1.","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"3273_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.02.008","volume":"24","author":"S Hawley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hawley S, Inman D, Gregson CL, Whitehouse M, Johansen A, Judge A. Risk factors and 120-day functional outcomes of delirium after hip fracture surgery: a prospective cohort study using the UK National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023;24(5):694\u2013e7017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.02.008.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"3273_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2025.10.002","volume":"33","author":"ME Umoh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Umoh ME, Sharma A, Leoutsakos JMS, Lyketsos CG, Inouye SK, Marcantonio ER, et al. Cognitive outcomes after hip fracture surgery: the association of postoperative delirium on previously cognitively normal older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2025;33(4):456\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2025.10.002.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27829-4","volume":"13","author":"S Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao S, Sun T, Zhang J, Chen X, Wang X. Risk factors and prognosis of postoperative delirium in nonagenarians with hip fracture. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):2167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-27829-4.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3273_CR9","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hip fracture: management. Clinical guideline [CG124]. London: NICE. 2011 [updated 2023 Jan 6]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg124."},{"issue":"6","key":"3273_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-3928-5","volume":"43","author":"J Moyet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moyet J, Deschasse G, Marquant B, Mertl P, Bloch F. Which is the optimal orthogeriatric care model to prevent mortality of elderly subjects post hip fractures? A systematic review and meta-analysis based on current clinical practice. Int Orthop. 2019;43(6):1449\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-018-3928-5.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"3273_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00913-5","volume":"110","author":"A Van Heghe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van Heghe A, Mordant G, Dupont J, Dejaeger M, Laurent MR, Gielen E. Effects of orthogeriatric care models on outcomes of hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2022;110(2):162\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-021-00913-5.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"3273_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.5770\/cgj.27.743","volume":"27","author":"D Trafford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trafford D, Liu YJ, Papaioannou A, Ioannidis G, Thain J. Canadian inpatient orthogeriatric models of care: a mixed methods survey of facilitators and barriers. Can Geriatr J. 2024;27(3):275\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5770\/cgj.27.743.","journal-title":"Can Geriatr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17446","volume":"70","author":"L Cooper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooper L, Loewenthal J, Frain LN, Tulebaev S, Cardin K, Hshieh TT, et al. From research to bedside: incorporation of a CGA-based frailty index among multiple comanagement services. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(1):90\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.17446.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"3273_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e278","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002844","volume":"38","author":"A Sagona","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sagona A, Ortega CA, Wang L, Brameier DT, Selzer F, Zhou L, et al. Frailty is more predictive of mortality than age in patients with hip fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2024;38(8):e278\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002844.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000521288","volume":"91","author":"ME Charlson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Carrozzino D, Guidi J, Patierno C. Charlson Comorbidity Index: a critical review of clinimetric properties. Psychther Psychosom. 2022;91(1):8\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000521288.","journal-title":"Psychther Psychosom"},{"key":"3273_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960364","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.960364","volume":"14","author":"YM Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi YM, Li YJ, Zou JH, Qiu XD, Sun J, Rui YF. Risk factors for postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:960364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.960364.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-0985-y","volume":"31","author":"G Pioli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pioli G, Bendini C, Giusti A, Pignedoli P, Cappa M, Iotti E, et al. Surgical delay is a risk factor of delirium in hip fracture patients with mild-moderate cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019;31(1):41\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-018-0985-y.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"3273_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215145932210817","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593221081779","volume":"13","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Guo J, Hou Z, Zhang Y. Risk factors of postoperative delirium in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture: an age-stratified retrospective analysis of 2307 patients. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2022;13:21514593221081779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21514593221081779.","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"3273_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136071","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136071","volume":"10","author":"JW Raats","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raats JW, Van Eijsden WA, Crolla RMPH, Van Der Steyerberg EW. Risk factors and outcomes for postoperative delirium after major surgery in elderly patients. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0136071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136071.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"3273_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.20014","volume":"296","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Triolo F, Ferrara MC, Deiner SG, Morandi A, Cesari M, et al. Delirium and frailty in older adults: clinical overlap and biological underpinnings. J Intern Med. 2024;296(5):382\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.20014.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3273_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a5a045","volume":"28","author":"KV Grigoryan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grigoryan KV, Javedan H, Rudolph JL. Orthogeriatric care models and outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2014;28(3):e49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a5a045.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9589-2","volume":"91","author":"F Leigheb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leigheb F, Vanhaecht K, Sermeus W, Lodewijckx C, Deneckere S, Boonen S, et al. The effect of care pathways for hip fractures: a systematic review. Calcif Tissue Int. 2012;91(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-012-9589-2.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3273_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03899.x","volume":"60","author":"M Deschodt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deschodt M, Braes T, Flamaing J, Detroyer E, Broos P, Haentjens P, et al. Preventing delirium in older adults with recent hip fracture through multidisciplinary geriatric consultation. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(4):733\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03899.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"3273_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.107B6.BJJ-2024-1255.R1","volume":"107\u2013B","author":"VM Paes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Paes VM, Ting A, Masters J, Paes MVI, Graham SM, Costa ML. A systematic review of the association between early comprehensive geriatric assessment and outcomes in hip fracture care for older people. Bone Joint J. 2025;107\u2013B(6):595\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.107B6.BJJ-2024-1255.R1.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3273_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0306308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306308","volume":"19","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen L, Zong W, Luo M, Yu H. The impact of comprehensive geriatric assessment on postoperative outcomes in elderly surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0306308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306308.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"3273_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05974-8","volume":"32","author":"CT Pollmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pollmann CT, Mellings\u00e6ter MR, Neerland BE, Straume-N\u00e6sheim T, \u00c5r\u00f8en A, Watne LO. Orthogeriatric co-management reduces incidence of delirium in hip fracture patients. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(11):2225\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-021-05974-8.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"3273_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e204088","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.4088","volume":"3","author":"M Shaw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shaw M, Pelecanos AM, Mudge AM. Evaluation of internal medicine physician or multidisciplinary team comanagement of surgical patients and clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e204088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.4088.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3273_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2013.0002","volume":"16","author":"CM Mendez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mendez CM, Harrington DW, Christenson P, Spellberg B. Impact of hospital variables on case mix index as a marker of disease severity. Popul Health Manag. 2013;16(4):258\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pop.2013.0002.","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"3273_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2021.04.049","volume":"52","author":"EL Sutton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sutton EL, Kearney RS. What works? Interventions to reduce readmission after hip fracture: a rapid review of systematic reviews. Injury. 2021;52(7):1851\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2021.04.049.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"3273_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-18-00425","volume":"28","author":"JN Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel JN, Klein DS, Sreekumar S, Liporace FA, Yoon RS. Outcomes in multidisciplinary team-based approach in geriatric hip fracture care: a systematic review. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(3):128\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-D-18-00425.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3273_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-04858-2","volume":"30","author":"M Baroni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baroni M, Serra R, Boccardi V, Ercolani S, Zengarini E, Casucci P, et al. The orthogeriatric comanagement improves clinical outcomes of hip fracture in older adults. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(4):907\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-019-04858-2.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"3273_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw232","volume":"46","author":"M Middleton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Middleton M, Wan B, da Assun\u00e7\u00e3o R. Improving hip fracture outcomes with integrated orthogeriatric care: a comparison between two accepted orthogeriatric models. Age Ageing. 2017;46(3):465\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afw232.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"2","key":"3273_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afae006","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae006","volume":"53","author":"I Titlestad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Titlestad I, Haugarvoll K, Solvang SEH, Norekv\u00e5l TM, Skogseth RE, Andreassen OA, et al. Delirium is frequently underdiagnosed among older hospitalised patients despite available information in hospital medical records. Age Ageing. 2024;53(2):afae006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afae006.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"3273_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67754-8","volume":"14","author":"I Raguz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raguz I, Meissner T, von Ahlen C, Clavien PA, Bueter M, Thalheimer A. Incidence of postoperative complications is underestimated if outcome data are recorded by interns and first year residents in a low volume hospital setting. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):17009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-67754-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"3273_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03294-5","volume":"140","author":"BC n der Zwaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"n der Zwaard BC, Stein CE, Bootsma JEM, van Geffen HJAA, Douw CM, Keijsers CJPW. Fewer patients undergo surgery when adding a comprehensive geriatric assessment in older patients with a hip fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2020;140(4):487\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-019-03294-5.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"3273_CR36","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ageing and health [fact sheet]. Geneva, WHO. 2024 Oct 1 [cited 2025 Nov 20]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03273-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03273-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03273-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:46:29Z","timestamp":1787813189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03273-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-026-03273-7","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002465","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1863-9941"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-9941","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board (MGB IRB), protocol number IRB2024P002691. The study adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective design and use of de-identified patient data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This manuscript was prepared in accordance with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for observational studies (Appendix\n                      \n                      ).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Reporting guidelines","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"269"}}