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Our objective was to evaluate measurement properties in patients with multiple rib fractures by comparing them with generic HR-QoL instruments (EuroQoL-5D-5L [EQ-5D-5L], Short Form-12 [SF-12]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multicenter RCT in adults (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009180) was performed. Spirometry was performed at 30 days, 3, 6, and 12 months after trauma. Patients completed five questions on pain, EQ-5D-5L, SF-12, and two anchor questions on improvement in pulmonary function and thoracic complaints since previous measurement. Reliability, construct validity, responsiveness and floor and ceiling effects were evaluated for all follow-up time-points.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EQ-5D and SF-12 (sub)scales showed adequate internal consistency. Construct and longitudinal validity were adequate for all (sub)scales, except for construct validity of the SF-12 Physical Component Summary. Ceiling effects were present for all pain questions from 30 days onwards, for EQ-5D-5L utility score (US) from 3 months onwards. Responsiveness analysis indicated that spirometry values showed trivial (tidal volume), small (inspiratory capacity, FEV1), or moderate (FVC) degree of change from 30 days to 12 months. All five pain levels, EQ-5D-5L and SF-12 (sub)scales showed moderate to large degree of change form 30 days to 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spirometry and pain are valid instruments for monitoring functional recovery in patients after sustaining multiple rib fractures. Responsiveness was confirmed for pain and spirometry (FVC). EQ-5D-5L and SF-12 are valid, reliable, and responsive. Pain and HRQoL are therefore suitable instruments for measuring treatment effects over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-026-03338-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:46:09Z","timestamp":1791524769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement properties of pulmonary function measurement and patient-reported outcome measures in patients with multiple rib fracture without flail segment; validation study alongside the multicenter FixCon trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Maartje L.","family":"Luttjeboer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max R.","family":"Van Diepen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonne T. 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Approval was granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Erasmus MC (Ref.No. MEC-2018-067 and NL63430.078.17) and Local Ethics Boards of all participating centers.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"*The FixCon study group is composed of Taco J. Blokhuis MD PhD\n                      2\n                      , Doeke Boersma MD PhD\n                      3\n                      , Erik R. De Loos MD PhD\n                      4\n                      , Elvira R. Flikweert MD PhD\n                      5\n                      , Frank F.A. IJpma MD PhD\n                      6\n                      , Sanne Kleinveld MD PhD\n                      7\n                      , Simon P. Knops, MD PhD\n                      8\n                      , Albert F. Pull ter Gunne MD PhD\n                      9\n                      , W. Richard Spanjersberg MD\n                      10\n                      , Gerben Van der Bij MD PhD\n                      11\n                      , Floortje C. Van Eijck MD PhD\n                      12\n                      , Pieter J. Van Huijstee MD\n                      13\n                      , Gust Van Montfort MD\n                      14\n                      , Jefrey Vermeulen MD PhD\n                      15\n                      , and Dagmar I. Vos MD PhD\n                      16\n                      1\n                      Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands\n                      2\n                      Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands\n                      3\n                      Department of Surgery, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, \u2019s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands\n                      4\n                      Department of Surgery, Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, Heerlen, The Netherlands\n                      5\n                      Department of Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, The Netherlands\n                      6\n                      Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands\n                      7\n                      Department of Surgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands\n                      8\n                      Department of Surgery, Ikazia Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands\n                      9\n                      Department of Surgery, Rijnstate, Arnhem, The Netherlands\n                      10\n                      Department of Surgery, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands\n                      11\n                      Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands\n                      12\n                      Department of Surgery, Bravis Ziekenhuis, Roosendaal, The Netherlands\n                      13\n                      Department of Surgery, HagaZiekenhuis, Den Haag, The Netherlands\n                      14\n                      Department of Surgery, Catharina Ziekenhuis, Eindhoven, The Netherlands\n                      15\n                      Department of Surgery, Maasstad Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands\n                      16\n                      Department of Surgery, Amphia Ziekenhuis, Breda, The Netherlands","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consortium members of the FixCon group","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"315"}}