{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:11:29Z","timestamp":1788923489968,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anaesthesist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-018-0460-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T06:37:49Z","timestamp":1530254269000},"page":"568-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["\u201eRapid sequence induction and intubation\u201c beim aspirationsgef\u00e4hrdeten Patienten","Rapid sequence induction and intubation in patients with risk of aspiration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Eichelsbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ilper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Noppens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hinkelbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Loop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"460_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2006.02.006","volume":"20","author":"M Janda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Janda M, Scheeren TW, Noldge-Schomburg GF (2006) Management of pulmonary aspiration. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 20:409\u2013427","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)39829-5","volume":"52","author":"CL Mendelson","year":"1946","unstructured":"Mendelson CL (1946) The aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs during obstetric anesthesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 52:191\u2013205","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"460_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197007000-00027","volume":"49","author":"WJ Stept","year":"1970","unstructured":"Stept WJ, Safar P (1970) Rapid induction-intubation for prevention of gastric-content aspiration. Anesth Analg 49:633\u2013636","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03130210219041","volume":"202","author":"PD Woodbridge","year":"1967","unstructured":"Woodbridge PD (1967) \u201cCrash induction\u201d for tracheal intubation. JAMA 202:845","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"460_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000076","volume":"31","author":"WA Wetsch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wetsch WA, Hinkelbein J (2014) Current national recommendations on rapid sequence induction in Europe. How standardised is the \u2019standard of care\u2018? Eur J Anaesthesiol 31:443\u2013444","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.9.979","volume":"74","author":"A Fink","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fink A, Kosecoff J, Chassin M et\u00a0al (1984) Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use. Am J Public Health 74:979\u2013983","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"460_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001473","volume":"22","author":"L Jeffs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeffs L, Law MP, Straus S et al (2013) Defining quality outcomes for complex-care patients transitioning across the continuum using a\u00a0structured panel process. BMJ Qual Saf 22:1014\u20131024","journal-title":"BMJ Qual. Saf."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"460_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06931.x","volume":"66","author":"N Woodall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woodall N, Frerk C, Cook TM (2011) Can we make airway management (even) safer?\u2013lessons from national audit. Anaesthesia 66(Suppl 2):27\u201333","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(97)00250-X","volume":"10","author":"LM Borland","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borland LM, Sereika SM, Woelfel SK et\u00a0al (1998) Pulmonary aspiration in pediatric patients during general anesthesia: incidence and outcome. J\u00a0Clin Anesth 10:95\u2013102","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"460_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200108000-00050","volume":"93","author":"A Ng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ng A, Smith G (2001) Gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration of gastric contents in anesthetic practice. Anesth Analg 93:494\u2013513","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e3283495ba1","volume":"28","author":"I Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I et\u00a0al (2011) Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 28:556\u2013569","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181fcbfd9","volume":"114","author":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Comittee","year":"2011","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Comittee (2011) Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology 114:495\u2013511","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199301000-00010","volume":"78","author":"MA Warner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG (1993) Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology 78:56\u201362","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199004000-00001","volume":"72","author":"CJ Cote","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cote CJ (1990) NPO after midnight for children\u2013a reappraisal. Anesthesiology 72:589\u2013592","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-015-0109-4","volume":"64","author":"T Piepho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Piepho T, Cavus E, Noppens R et\u00a0al (2015) S1 guidelines on airway management: guideline of the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Anaesthesist 64:27\u201340","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"460_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e3283499e3b","volume":"28","author":"S Hert De","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Hert S, Imberger G, Carlisle J et al (2011) Preoperative evaluation of the adult patient undergoing non-cardiac surgery: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 28:684\u2013722","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"54","author":"BDA EdDud","year":"2013","unstructured":"BDA EdDud (2013) Mindestanforderungen f\u00fcr den an\u00e4sthesiologischen Arbeitsplatz. An\u00e4sthesiol Intensivmed 54:1\u20134","journal-title":"An\u00e4sthesiol. Intensivmed."},{"key":"460_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13466","volume":"71","author":"DN Lucas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lucas DN, Elton CD (2016) Through a\u00a0glass darkly\u2013ultrasound imaging in obstetric anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 71:617\u2013622","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000193","volume":"121","author":"R Kruisselbrink","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kruisselbrink R, Arzola C, Endersby R et al (2014) Intra- and interrater reliability of ultrasound assessment of gastric volume. Anesthesiology 121:46\u201351","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13963","volume":"72","author":"G Dupont","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dupont G, Gavory J, Lambert P et\u00a0al (2017) Ultrasonographic gastric volume before unplanned surgery. Anaesthesia 72:1112\u20131116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/anae.13963","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821b98c0","volume":"113","author":"A Perlas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perlas A, Davis L, Khan M et\u00a0al (2011) Gastric sonography in the fasted surgical patient: a\u00a0prospective descriptive study. Anesth Analg 113:93\u201397","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318274fc19","volume":"116","author":"A Perlas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perlas A, Mitsakakis N, Liu L et\u00a0al (2013) Validation of a\u00a0mathematical model for ultrasound assessment of gastric volume by gastroscopic examination. Anesth Analg 116:357\u2013363","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000818","volume":"121","author":"C Arzola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arzola C, Perlas A, Siddiqui NT et\u00a0al (2015) Bedside gastric ultrasonography in term pregnant women before elective cesarean delivery: a prospective cohort study. Anesth Analg 121:752\u2013758","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1975.tb00928.x","volume":"30","author":"PW McCormick","year":"1975","unstructured":"McCormick PW (1975) Immediate care after aspiration of vomit. Anaesthesia 30:658\u2013665","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31820a856b","volume":"39","author":"K Raghavendran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raghavendran K, Nemzek J, Napolitano LM et al (2011) Aspiration-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med 39:818\u2013826","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"460_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32834397d6","volume":"17","author":"PE Marik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marik PE (2011) Pulmonary aspiration syndromes. Curr Opin Pulm Med 17:148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32834397d6","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"460_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182917f11","volume":"118","author":"MR Salem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salem MR, Khorasani A, Saatee S et\u00a0al (2014) Gastric tubes and airway management in patients at risk of aspiration: history, current concepts, and proposal of an algorithm. Anesth Analg 118:569\u2013579","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1978.01370180063008","volume":"113","author":"B Satiani","year":"1978","unstructured":"Satiani B, Bonner JT, Stone HH (1978) Factors influencing intraoperative gastric regurgitation: a\u00a0prospective random study of nasogastric tube drainage. Arch Surg 113:721\u2013723","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"460_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.6.8004326","volume":"149","author":"RG Dotson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dotson RG, Robinson RG, Pingleton SK (1994) Gastroesophageal reflux with nasogastric tubes. Effect of nasogastric tube size. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:1659\u20131662","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"460_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.116029","volume":"130","author":"BJ Manning","year":"2001","unstructured":"Manning BJ, Winter DC, McGreal G et\u00a0al (2001) Nasogastric intubation causes gastroesophageal reflux in patients undergoing elective laparotomy. Surgery 130:788\u2013791","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"460_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a97250","volume":"111","author":"A Perlas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perlas A, Chan VW, Lupu CM et\u00a0al (2009) Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology 111:82\u201389","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9500-z","volume":"58","author":"C Demaret","year":"2011","unstructured":"Demaret C, David JS, Piriou V (2011) When should a\u00a0nasogastric tube be inserted before a\u00a0rapid sequence induction? Look at the x\u2011rays! Can J Anaesth 58:662\u2013663","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03014353","volume":"34","author":"JF Hardy","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hardy JF, Plourde G, Lebrun M et\u00a0al (1987) Determining gastric contents during general anaesthesia: evaluation of two methods. Can J Anaesth 34:474\u2013477","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199505000-00004","volume":"221","author":"ML Cheatham","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cheatham ML, Chapman WC, Key SP et al (1995) A meta-analysis of selective versus routine nasogastric decompression after elective laparotomy. Ann Surg 221:469\u2013476","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"460_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.02.011","volume":"25","author":"R Lavi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lavi R, Katznelson R, Cheng D et\u00a0al (2011) The effect of nasogastric tube application during cardiac surgery on postoperative nausea and vomiting\u2013a randomized trial. J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 25:105\u2013109","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"460_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02277.x","volume":"54","author":"AG Jensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jensen AG, Callesen T, Hagemo JS et\u00a0al (2010) Scandinavian clinical practice guidelines on general anaesthesia for emergency situations. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 54:922\u2013950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02277.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"460_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198308000-00003","volume":"59","author":"R Hodgkinson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hodgkinson R, Glassenberg R, Joyce TH 3rd et\u00a0al (1983) Comparison of cimetidine (Tagamet) with antacid for safety and effectiveness in reducing gastric acidity before elective cesarean section. Anesthesiology 59:86\u201390","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR38","first-page":"205","volume":"87","author":"T Toung","year":"1980","unstructured":"Toung T, Cameron JL (1980) Cimetadine as a\u00a0preoperative medication to reduce the complications of aspiration of gastric contents. Surgery 87:205\u2013208","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"460_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06847.x","volume":"48","author":"DA Orr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Orr DA, Bill KM, Gillon KR et\u00a0al (1993) Effects of omeprazole, with and without metoclopramide, in elective obstetric anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 48:114\u2013119","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199406000-00010","volume":"78","author":"DA Rocke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rocke DA, Rout CC, Gouws E (1994) Intravenous administration of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole reduces the risk of acid aspiration at emergency cesarean section. Anesth Analg 78:1093\u20131098","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1985.tb02208.x","volume":"29","author":"B Adelhoj","year":"1985","unstructured":"Adelhoj B, Petring OU, Pedersen NO et al (1985) Metoclopramide given pre-operatively empties the stomach. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 29:322\u2013325","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"460_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/64.4.450","volume":"64","author":"MJ McNeill","year":"1990","unstructured":"McNeill MJ, Ho ET, Kenny GN (1990) Effect of i.\u202fv. metoclopramide on gastric emptying after opioid premedication. Br J Anaesth 64:450\u2013452","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.1999.00642.x","volume":"54","author":"MT Kluger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kluger MT, Short TG (1999) Aspiration during anaesthesia: a\u00a0review of 133 cases from the Australian Anaesthetic Incident Monitoring Study (AIMS). Anaesthesia 54:19\u201326","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[Anonym]. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: a\u00a0report by the American Society of Anesthesiologist Task Force on Preoperative Fasting. Anesthesiology 1999; 90: 896\u2013905","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199903000-00034"},{"key":"460_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)90640-4","volume":"1","author":"G Taylor","year":"1966","unstructured":"Taylor G, Pryse-Davies J (1966) The prophylactic use of antacids in the prevention of the acid-pulmonary-aspiration syndrome (Mendelson\u2019s syndrome). Lancet 1:288\u2013291","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"460_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/64.4.503","volume":"64","author":"X Ormezzano","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ormezzano X, Francois TP, Viaud JY et al (1990) Aspiration pneumonitis prophylaxis in obstetric anaesthesia: comparison of effervescent cimetidine-sodium citrate mixture and sodium citrate. Br J Anaesth 64:503\u2013506","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1984.tb02056.x","volume":"28","author":"JF Schmidt","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schmidt JF, Schierup L, Banning AM (1984) The effect of sodium citrate on the pH and the amount of gastric contents before general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:263\u2013265","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"460_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03007944","volume":"29","author":"DM Dewan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dewan DM, Wheeler AS, James FM 3rd et\u00a0al (1982) Antacid anticholinergic regimens in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. Can Anaesth Soc\u00a0J 29:27\u201330","journal-title":"Can Anaesth Soc J"},{"key":"460_CR49","first-page":"123","volume":"1","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"1984","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Hawkins JM, McCracken JE et al (1984) Effects of pre-anaesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid acidity and volume in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1:123\u2013131","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR50","first-page":"40","volume":"63","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"1984","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Roush JR (1984) Effect of preanesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid pH and volume in outpatients. Anesth Analg 63:40\u201346","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197603000-00010","volume":"44","author":"MR Salem","year":"1976","unstructured":"Salem MR, Wong AY, Mani M et\u00a0al (1976) Premedicant drugs and gastric juice pH and volume in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology 44:216\u2013219","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.03.004","volume":"27","author":"V Mahajan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahajan V, Hashmi J, Singh R et\u00a0al (2015) Comparative evaluation of gastric pH and volume in morbidly obese and lean patients undergoing elective surgery and effect of aspiration prophylaxis. J\u00a0Clin Anesth 27:396\u2013400","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"460_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1988.tb09065.x","volume":"43","author":"CE Harris","year":"1988","unstructured":"Harris CE, Murray AM, Anderson JM et\u00a0al (1988) Effects of thiopentone, etomidate and propofol on the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 43(Suppl):32\u201336","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200100003-00013","volume":"23","author":"S Lavazais","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lavazais S, Debaene B (2001) Choice of the hypnotic and the opioid for rapid-sequence induction. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 23:66\u201370","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl"},{"key":"460_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199305000-00023","volume":"76","author":"DR Miller","year":"1993","unstructured":"Miller DR, Martineau RJ, O\u2019Brien H et\u00a0al (1993) Effects of alfentanil on the hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation. Anesth Analg 76:1040\u20131046","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.2.283","volume":"82","author":"R O\u2019Hare","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Hare R, McAtamney D, Mirakhur RK et\u00a0al (1999) Bolus dose remifentanil for control of haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 82:283\u2013285","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/77.3.339","volume":"77","author":"HJ Sparr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sparr HJ, Giesinger S, Ulmer H et al (1996) Influence of induction technique on intubating conditions after rocuronium in adults: comparison with rapid-sequence induction using thiopentone and suxamethonium. Br J Anaesth 77:339\u2013342","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1988.tb04146.x","volume":"43","author":"K McKeating","year":"1988","unstructured":"McKeating K, Bali IM, Dundee JW (1988) The effects of thiopentone and propofol on upper airway integrity. Anaesthesia 43:638\u2013640","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2001.01962.x","volume":"56","author":"J Morris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morris J, Cook TM (2001) Rapid sequence induction: a\u00a0national survey of practice. Anaesthesia 56:1090\u20131097","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05681.x","volume":"64","author":"JP Koerber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koerber JP, Roberts GE, Whitaker R et\u00a0al (2009) Variation in rapid sequence induction techniques: current practice in Wales. Anaesthesia 64:54\u201359","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/70.3.306","volume":"70","author":"L Lindgren","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lindgren L, Yli-Hankala A, Randell T et al (1993) Haemodynamic and catecholamine responses to induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation: comparison between propofol and thiopentone. Br J Anaesth 70:306\u2013310","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037030","volume":"40","author":"G Wilmot","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilmot G, Bhimsan N, Rocke DA et\u00a0al (1993) Intubating conditions and haemodynamic changes following thiopentone or propofol for early tracheal intubation. Can J Anaesth 40:201\u2013205","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/72.5.596","volume":"72","author":"MJ Brossy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brossy MJ, James MF, Janicki PK (1994) Haemodynamic and catecholamine changes after induction of anaesthesia with either thiopentone or propofol with suxamethonium. Br J Anaesth 72:596\u2013598","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR64","first-page":"716","volume":"79","author":"C Rohsbach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rohsbach C, Wirth S, Lenz K et\u00a0al (2013) Survey on the current management of rapid sequence induction in Germany. Minerva Anestesiol 79:716\u2013726","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"460_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03026872","volume":"54","author":"DT Neilipovitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neilipovitz DT, Crosby ET (2007) No evidence for decreased incidence of aspiration after rapid sequence induction. Can J Anaesth 54:748\u2013764","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199808000-00038","volume":"87","author":"AW Doenicke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Doenicke AW, Czeslick E, Moss J et\u00a0al (1998) Onset time, endotracheal intubating conditions, and plasma histamine after cisatracurium and vecuronium administration. Anesth Analg 87:434\u2013438","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002788.pub2","author":"JJ Perry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perry JJ, Lee JS, Sillberg VA et\u00a0al (2008) Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002788.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"460_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer503","volume":"108","author":"MK Sorensen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sorensen MK, Bretlau C, Gatke MR et al (2012) Rapid sequence induction and intubation with rocuronium-sugammadex compared with succinylcholine: a\u00a0randomized trial. Br J Anaesth 108:682\u2013689","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10049-016-0170-9","volume":"19","author":"J Hinkelbein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hinkelbein J (2016) Notfallnarkose beim Erwachsenen: Immer mit Rocuronium! Notfall Rettungsmed 19:289\u2013291","journal-title":"Notfall Rettungsmed"},{"key":"460_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2010.06243.x","volume":"65","author":"SK Taha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taha SK, El-Khatib MF, Baraka AS et al (2010) Effect of suxamethonium vs rocuronium on onset of oxygen desaturation during apnoea following rapid sequence induction. Anaesthesia 65:358\u2013361","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02365.x","volume":"55","author":"L Tang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tang L, Li S, Huang S et\u00a0al (2011) Desaturation following rapid sequence induction using succinylcholine vs. rocuronium in overweight patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 55:203\u2013208","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"460_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200301000-00007","volume":"20","author":"E Erhan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Erhan E, Ugur G, Alper I et\u00a0al (2003) Tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants: remifentanil or alfentanil in combination with propofol. Eur J Anaesthesiol 20:37\u201343","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200602000-00008","volume":"104","author":"E Masso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Masso E, Sabate S, Hinojosa M et\u00a0al (2006) Lightwand tracheal intubation with and without muscle relaxation. Anesthesiology 104:249\u2013254","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200111000-00042","volume":"93","author":"AF Kopman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kopman AF, Khan NA, Neuman GG (2001) Precurarization and priming: a\u00a0theoretical analysis of safety and timing. Anesth Analg 93:1253\u20131256","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/56.6.663","volume":"56","author":"F Foldes","year":"1984","unstructured":"Foldes F (1984) Rapid tracheal intubation with non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs: the priming principle. Br J Anaesth 56:663","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/63.1.1","volume":"63","author":"RM Jones","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jones RM (1989) The priming principle: how does it work and should we be using it? Br J Anaesth 63:1\u20133","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen332","volume":"102","author":"TH Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han TH, Martyn JA (2009) Onset and effectiveness of rocuronium for rapid onset of paralysis in patients with major burns: priming or large bolus. Br J Anaesth 102:55\u201360","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200203000-00018","volume":"94","author":"T Mencke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mencke T, Schreiber JU, Becker C et\u00a0al (2002) Pretreatment before succinylcholine for outpatient anesthesia? Anesth Analg 94:573\u2013576","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181d5ae47","volume":"110","author":"M El-Orbany","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Orbany M, Connolly LA (2010) Rapid sequence induction and intubation: current controversy. Anesth Analg 110:1318\u20131325","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199909000-00006","volume":"91","author":"JL Benumof","year":"1999","unstructured":"Benumof JL (1999) Preoxygenation: best method for both efficacy and efficiency. Anesthesiology 91:603\u2013605","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-009-9084-z","volume":"56","author":"I Tanoubi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanoubi I, Drolet P, Donati F (2009) Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Can J Anaesth 56:449\u2013466","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16671","volume":"36","author":"Z Heck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heck Z, Stegmann JU, Lorenz C et\u00a0al (2001) Acceptance of preoxygenation in clinical routine by patients and by anaesthesiologists. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 36:471\u2013475","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"460_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.01.010","volume":"70","author":"A Timmermann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Timmermann A, Eich C, Russo SG et\u00a0al (2006) Prehospital airway management: a\u00a0prospective evaluation of anaesthesia trained emergency physicians. Resuscitation 70:179\u2013185","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"460_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.10.002","volume":"59","author":"SD Weingart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weingart SD, Levitan RM (2012) Preoxygenation and prevention of desaturation during emergency airway management. Ann Emerg Med 59:165\u2013175 (e161)","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"460_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07885.x","volume":"51","author":"A Reber","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reber A, Engberg G, Wegenius G et al (1996) Lung aeration. The effect of pre-oxygenation and hyperoxygenation during total intravenous anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 51:733\u2013737","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/72.1.3","volume":"72","author":"IT Campbell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Campbell IT, Beatty PC (1994) Monitoring preoxygenation. Br J Anaesth 72:3\u20134","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/72.1.116","volume":"72","author":"CB Berry","year":"1994","unstructured":"Berry CB, Myles PS (1994) Preoxygenation in healthy volunteers: a\u00a0graph of oxygen \u201cwashin\u201d using end-tidal oxygraphy. Br J Anaesth 72:116\u2013118","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996722","volume":"29","author":"R Zander","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zander R, Martin E, Larsen R (1994) The intrapulmonary oxygen store. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 29:222\u2013223","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"460_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-012-1547-7","volume":"27","author":"A Kanaya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanaya A, Satoh D, Kurosawa S (2013) Higher fraction of inspired oxygen in anesthesia induction does not affect functional residual capacity reduction after intubation: a\u00a0comparative study of higher and lower oxygen concentration. J\u00a0Anesth 27:385\u2013389","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"460_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2013.12.018","volume":"33","author":"C Baillard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baillard C, Depret F, Levy V et\u00a0al (2014) Incidence and prediction of inadequate preoxygenation before induction of anaesthesia. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 33:e55\u2013e58","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"460_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2010.02.014","volume":"40","author":"SD Weingart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weingart SD (2011) Preoxygenation, reoxygenation, and delayed sequence intubation in the emergency department. J\u00a0Emerg Med 40:661\u2013667","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"460_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199211000-00018","volume":"75","author":"AS Baraka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baraka AS, Hanna MT, Jabbour SI et al (1992) Preoxygenation of pregnant and nonpregnant women in the head-up versus supine position. Anesth Analg 75:757\u2013759","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05502.x","volume":"63","author":"EC Russell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Russell EC, Wrench I, Feast M et al (2008) Pre-oxygenation in pregnancy: the effect of fresh gas flow rates within a\u00a0circle breathing system. Anaesthesia 63:833\u2013836","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001589","volume":"124","author":"U Nimmagadda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nimmagadda U, Salem MR, Crystal GJ (2017) Preoxygenation: physiologic basis, benefits, and potential risks. Anesth Analg 124:507\u2013517","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200003000-00022","volume":"90","author":"JG Hardman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hardman JG, Wills JS, Aitkenhead AR (2000) Factors determining the onset and course of hypoxemia during apnea: an investigation using physiological modelling. Anesth Analg 90:619\u2013624","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-870471","volume":"40","author":"R Zander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zander R (2005) Physiology and clinical relevance of hyperoxygenation. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 40:616\u2013623","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"460_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-011-1098-3","volume":"25","author":"V Ramkumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramkumar V, Umesh G, Philip FA (2011) Preoxygenation with 20 masculine head-up tilt provides longer duration of non-hypoxic apnea than conventional preoxygenation in non-obese healthy adults. J\u00a0Anesth 25:189\u2013194","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"460_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12317","volume":"58","author":"P Harbut","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harbut P, Gozdzik W, Stjernfalt E et al (2014) Continuous positive airway pressure\/pressure support pre-oxygenation of morbidly obese patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 58:675\u2013680","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"460_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200506000-00009","volume":"102","author":"BJ Dixon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dixon BJ, Dixon JB, Carden JR et al (2005) Preoxygenation is more effective in the 25 degrees head-up position than in the supine position in severely obese patients: a\u00a0randomized controlled study. Anesthesiology 102:1110\u20131115","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-013-9991-x","volume":"60","author":"C Murphy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murphy C, Wong DT (2013) Airway management and oxygenation in obese patients. Can J Anaesth 60:929\u2013945","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/75.6.777","volume":"75","author":"P McGowan","year":"1995","unstructured":"McGowan P, Skinner A (1995) Preoxygenation\u2014the importance of a\u00a0good face mask seal. Br J Anaesth 75:777\u2013778","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318192845e","volume":"37","author":"TC Mort","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mort TC, Waberski BH, Clive J (2009) Extending the preoxygenation period from 4 to 8 mins in critically ill patients undergoing emergency intubation. Crit Care Med 37:68\u201371","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"460_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996723","volume":"29","author":"R Zander","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zander R, Mertzlufft F (1994) Oxygen supply despite respiratory arrest. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 29:223\u2013227","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"460_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-195911000-00007","volume":"20","author":"MJ Frumin","year":"1959","unstructured":"Frumin MJ, Epstein RM, Cohen G (1959) Apneic oxygenation in man. Anesthesiology 20:789\u2013798","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198812000-00035","volume":"69","author":"LE Teller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Teller LE, Alexander CM, Frumin MJ et\u00a0al (1988) Pharyngeal insufflation of oxygen prevents arterial desaturation during apnea. Anesthesiology 69:980\u2013982","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.017","volume":"81","author":"CD Deakin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deakin CD, Nolan JP, Soar J et\u00a0al (2010) European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2010 section\u00a04. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 81:1305\u20131352","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"460_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000083335.93868.2c","volume":"55","author":"CM Dunham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dunham CM, Barraco RD, Clark DE et\u00a0al (2003) Guidelines for emergency tracheal intubation immediately after traumatic injury. J\u00a0Trauma 55:162\u2013179","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"460_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2009.10.023","volume":"81","author":"P Paal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paal P, Herff H, Mitterlechner T et\u00a0al (2010) Anaesthesia in prehospital emergencies and in the emergency room. Resuscitation 81:148\u2013154","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"460_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-011-1957-1","volume":"60","author":"M Bernhard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bernhard M, Matthes G, Kanz KG et\u00a0al (2011) Emergency anesthesia, airway management and ventilation in major trauma. Background and key messages of the interdisciplinary S3 guidelines for major trauma patients. Anaesthesist 60:1027\u20131040","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"460_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12055","volume":"20","author":"JC Sakles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakles JC, Chiu S, Mosier J et\u00a0al (2013) The importance of first pass success when performing orotracheal intubation in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 20:71\u201378","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"460_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000122825.04923.15","volume":"99","author":"TC Mort","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mort TC (2004) Emergency tracheal intubation: complications associated with repeated laryngoscopic attempts. Anesth Analg 99:607\u2013613 (table of contents)","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318201c415","volume":"114","author":"LD Martin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin LD, Mhyre JM, Shanks AM et\u00a0al (2011) 3,423 emergency tracheal intubations at a\u00a0university hospital: airway outcomes and complications. Anesthesiology 114:42\u201348","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1205-6","volume":"34","author":"DE Griesdale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Griesdale DE, Bosma TL, Kurth T et\u00a0al (2008) Complications of endotracheal intubation in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med 34:1835\u20131842","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"460_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181ad87b0","volume":"109","author":"CT Stephens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stephens CT, Kahntroff S, Dutton RP (2009) The success of emergency endotracheal intubation in trauma patients: a\u00a010-year experience at a\u00a0major adult trauma referral center. Anesth Analg 109:866\u2013872","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31818ddb90","volume":"109","author":"UH Schmidt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmidt UH, Kumwilaisak K, Bittner E et\u00a0al (2008) Effects of supervision by attending anesthesiologists on complications of emergency tracheal intubation. Anesthesiology 109:973\u2013977","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c45e5","volume":"110","author":"T Asai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Asai T, Liu EH, Matsumoto S et al (2009) Use of the Pentax-AWS in 293 patients with difficult airways. Anesthesiology 110:898\u2013904","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182023eb7","volume":"114","author":"MF Aziz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aziz MF, Healy D, Kheterpal S et\u00a0al (2011) Routine clinical practice effectiveness of the Glidescope in difficult airway management: an analysis of 2,004 glidescope intubations, complications, and failures from two institutions. Anesthesiology 114:34\u201341","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31820553fb","volume":"112","author":"E Cavus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cavus E, Neumann T, Doerges V et al (2011) First clinical evaluation of the C\u2011MAC D\u2011Blade videolaryngoscope during routine and difficult intubation. Anesth Analg 112:382\u2013385","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02011.x","volume":"53","author":"E Malin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malin E, Montblanc J, Ynineb Y et\u00a0al (2009) Performance of the airtraq laryngoscope after failed conventional tracheal intubation: a\u00a0case series. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53:858\u2013863","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"460_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2010.06388.x","volume":"65","author":"RR Noppens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Noppens RR, Mobus S, Heid F et\u00a0al (2010) Evaluation of the McGrath Series 5 videolaryngoscope after failed direct laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia 65:716\u2013720","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06872.x","volume":"66","author":"T Piepho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Piepho T, Fortmueller K, Heid FM et al (2011) Performance of the C\u2011MAC video laryngoscope in patients after a\u00a0limited glottic view using Macintosh laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia 66:1101\u20131105","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318206b69b","volume":"39","author":"H Trimmel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trimmel H, Kreutziger J, Fertsak G et\u00a0al (2011) Use of the airtraq laryngoscope for emergency intubation in the prehospital setting: a\u00a0randomized control trial. Crit Care Med 39:489\u2013493","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"460_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e3283452155","volume":"28","author":"S Frohlich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frohlich S, Borovickova L, Foley E et\u00a0al (2011) A comparison of tracheal intubation using the McGrath or the Macintosh laryngoscopes in routine airway management. Eur J Anaesthesiol 28:465\u2013467","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12804","volume":"69","author":"S Ilyas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ilyas S, Symons J, Bradley WP et al (2014) A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing tracheal intubation plus manual in-line stabilisation of the cervical spine using the Macintosh laryngoscope vs the McGrath(R) Series 5 videolaryngoscope. Anaesthesia 69:1345\u20131350","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e3283269ff4","volume":"26","author":"GL Savoldelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Savoldelli GL, Schiffer E, Abegg C et\u00a0al (2009) Learning curves of the Glidescope, the McGrath and the Airtraq laryngoscopes: a\u00a0manikin study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 26:554\u2013558","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-7241-19-4","volume":"19","author":"T Piepho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Piepho T, Weinert K, Heid FM et\u00a0al (2011) Comparison of the McGrath(R) Series 5 and GlideScope(R) Ranger with the Macintosh laryngoscope by paramedics. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 19:4","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"460_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12878","volume":"70","author":"P Cortellazzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cortellazzi P, Caldiroli D, Byrne A et al (2015) Defining and developing expertise in tracheal intubation using a\u00a0GlideScope(R) for anaesthetists with expertise in Macintosh direct laryngoscopy: an in-vivo longitudinal study. Anaesthesia 70:290\u2013295","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2010.06513.x","volume":"65","author":"WH Teoh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teoh WH, Saxena S, Shah MK et al (2010) Comparison of three videolaryngoscopes: Pentax Airway Scope, C\u2011MAC, Glidescope vs the Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 65:1126\u20131132","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12322","volume":"68","author":"T Russell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Russell T, Slinger P, Roscoe A et al (2013) A randomised controlled trial comparing the GlideScope(R) and the Macintosh laryngoscope for double-lumen endobronchial intubation. Anaesthesia 68:1253\u20131258","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318293103d","volume":"75","author":"DJ Yeatts","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeatts DJ, Dutton RP, Hu PF et\u00a0al (2013) Effect of video laryngoscopy on trauma patient survival: a\u00a0randomized controlled trial. J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg 75:212\u2013219","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"460_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12358","volume":"27","author":"J Vassiliadis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vassiliadis J, Tzannes A, Hitos K et al (2015) Comparison of the C\u2011MAC video laryngoscope with direct Macintosh laryngoscopy in the emergency department. Emerg Med Australas 27:119\u2013125","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"460_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-11-6","volume":"11","author":"E Cavus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cavus E, Thee C, Moeller T et al (2011) A randomised, controlled crossover comparison of the C\u2011MAC videolaryngoscope with direct laryngoscopy in 150 patients during routine induction of anaesthesia. BMC Anesthesiol 11:6","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol."},{"key":"460_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-014-2410-z","volume":"64","author":"A Timmermann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Timmermann A, Nickel EA, Puhringer F (2015) Second generation laryngeal masks: expanded indications. Anaesthesist 64:7\u201315","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"460_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen319","volume":"102","author":"W Schmidbauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schmidbauer W, Bercker S, Volk T et al (2009) Oesophageal seal of the novel supralaryngeal airway device I\u2011Gel in comparison with the laryngeal mask airways Classic and ProSeal using a\u00a0cadaver model. Br J Anaesth 102:135\u2013139","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181602ae1","volume":"106","author":"S Bercker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bercker S, Schmidbauer W, Volk T et\u00a0al (2008) A comparison of seal in seven supraglottic airway devices using a\u00a0cadaver model of elevated esophageal pressure. Anesth Analg 106:445\u2013448 (table of contents)","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03020192","volume":"50","author":"DA Mark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mark DA (2003) Protection from aspiration with the LMA-ProSeal after vomiting: a\u00a0case report. Can J Anaesth 50:78\u201380","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"460_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06934.x","volume":"66","author":"A Timmermann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Timmermann A (2011) Supraglottic airways in difficult airway management: successes, failures, use and misuse. Anaesthesia 66(Suppl 2):45\u201356","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/62.1.13","volume":"62","author":"A Ovassapian","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ovassapian A, Krejcie TC, Yelich SJ et\u00a0al (1989) Awake fibreoptic intubation in the patient at high risk of aspiration. Br J Anaesth 62:13\u201316","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13260","volume":"70","author":"MC Mushambi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mushambi MC, Kinsella SM, Popat M et\u00a0al (2015) Obstetric Anaesthetists\u2019 Association and Difficult Airway Society guidelines for the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics. Anaesthesia 70:1286\u20131306","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-015-0087-6","volume":"64","author":"T Piepho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Piepho T, Cavus E, Noppens R et\u00a0al (2015) S1-Leitlinie Atemwegsmanagement. Anaesthesist 64:859\u2013873","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"460_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000068","volume":"118","author":"AM Zeidan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zeidan AM, Salem MR, Mazoit JX et\u00a0al (2014) The effectiveness of cricoid pressure for occluding the esophageal entrance in anesthetized and paralyzed patients: an experimental and observational glidescope study. Anesth Analg 118:580\u2013586","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181b05404","volume":"109","author":"MJ Rice","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rice MJ, Mancuso AA, Gibbs C et\u00a0al (2009) Cricoid pressure results in compression of the postcricoid hypopharynx: the esophageal position is irrelevant. Anesth Analg 109:1546\u20131552","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200307000-00013","volume":"99","author":"KJ Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith KJ, Dobranowski J, Yip G et\u00a0al (2003) Cricoid pressure displaces the esophagus: an observational study using magnetic resonance imaging. Anesthesiology 99:60\u201364","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03682.x","volume":"59","author":"A Garrard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garrard A, Campbell AE, Turley A et al (2004) The effect of mechanically-induced cricoid force on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in anaesthetised patients. Anaesthesia 59:435\u2013439","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2001.02133.x","volume":"56","author":"G Hocking","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hocking G, Roberts FL, Thew ME (2001) Airway obstruction with cricoid pressure and lateral tilt. Anaesthesia 56:825\u2013828","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"460_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.05.006","volume":"50","author":"DY Ellis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ellis DY, Harris T, Zideman D (2007) Cricoid pressure in emergency department rapid sequence tracheal intubations: a\u00a0risk-benefit analysis. Ann Emerg Med 50:653\u2013665","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"460_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/59.3.315","volume":"59","author":"EG Lawes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lawes EG, Campbell I, Mercer D (1987) Inflation pressure, gastric insufflation and rapid sequence induction. Br J Anaesth 59:315\u2013318","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer058","volume":"106","author":"TM Cook","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook TM, Woodall N, Frerk C et\u00a0al (2011) Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1: anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 106:617\u2013631","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000457","volume":"119","author":"MA Frolich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frolich MA, Banks C, Brooks A et\u00a0al (2014) Why do pregnant women die? A review of maternal deaths from 1990 to 2010\u202fat the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Anesth Analg 119:1135\u20131139","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000278136.98611.d6","volume":"105","author":"CA Wong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wong CA, McCarthy RJ, Fitzgerald PC et\u00a0al (2007) Gastric emptying of water in obese pregnant women at term. Anesth Analg 105:751\u2013755","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"460_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000264744.63275.10","volume":"106","author":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anethesia","year":"2007","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anethesia (2007) Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 106:843\u2013863","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"460_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004943.pub3","author":"S Paranjothy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paranjothy S, Griffiths JD, Broughton HK et\u00a0al (2014) Interventions at caesarean section for reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004943.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"460_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2012.09.001","volume":"22","author":"H Murdoch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murdoch H, Scrutton M, Laxton CH (2013) Choice of anaesthetic agents for caesarean section: a\u00a0UK survey of current practice. Int J Obstet Anesth 22:31\u201335","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"460_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000185","volume":"28","author":"S Devroe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Devroe S, Van de Velde M, Rex S (2015) General anesthesia for caesarean section. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 28:240\u2013246","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03287.x","volume":"20","author":"FJ Gencorelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gencorelli FJ, Fields RG, Litman RS (2010) Complications during rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia in children: a\u00a0benchmark study. Paediatr Anaesth 20:421\u2013424","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael178","volume":"97","author":"JG Hardman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hardman JG, Wills JS (2006) The development of hypoxaemia during apnoea in children: a\u00a0computational modelling investigation. Br J Anaesth 97:564\u2013570","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12213","volume":"23","author":"D Neuhaus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neuhaus D, Schmitz A, Gerber A et\u00a0al (2013) Controlled rapid sequence induction and intubation\u2014an analysis of 1001 children. Paediatr Anaesth 23:734\u2013740","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02324.x","volume":"18","author":"M Weiss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weiss M, Gerber AC (2008) Rapid sequence induction in children\u2014it\u2019s not a\u00a0matter of time! Paediatr Anaesth 18:97\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02324.x","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"460_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-990211","volume":"42","author":"K Becke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Becke K, Schmidt J (2007) Rapid sequence induction in pediatric anesthesia. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 42:624\u2013631","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"460_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32813aea82","volume":"20","author":"M Johr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johr M (2007) Anaesthesia for the child with a\u00a0full stomach. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 20:201\u2013203","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"460_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02060.x","volume":"53","author":"C Eich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eich C, Timmermann A, Russo SG et al (2009) A controlled rapid-sequence induction technique for infants may reduce unsafe actions and stress. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53:1167\u20131172","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"}],"container-title":["Der Anaesthesist"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00101-018-0460-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00101-018-0460-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00101-018-0460-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T18:37:07Z","timestamp":1661539027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00101-018-0460-3"}},"subtitle":["Handlungsempfehlungen f\u00fcr das praktische an\u00e4sthesiologische Management","Recommendations for action for practical management of anesthesia"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00101-018-0460-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-2417","1432-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-2417","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"C.\u00a0Eichelsbacher, H.\u00a0Ilper, R.\u00a0Noppens, J.\u00a0Hinkelbein und T.\u00a0Loop geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt und keine Gesch\u00e4ftsbeziehungen mit Herstellern der genannten Medikamente oder Ger\u00e4te bestehen.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgef\u00fchrten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}