{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:13:30Z","timestamp":1786979610346,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsbl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-008-0418-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,9]],"date-time":"2008-01-09T15:06:29Z","timestamp":1199891189000},"page":"46-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Geschlechtsunterschiede bei dissoziativen St\u00f6rungen","Gender differences in dissociative disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Freyberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"418_CR1","unstructured":"Rohde A, Marneros A (2007) Geschlechtsspezifische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart"},{"key":"418_CR2","unstructured":"Riecher-R\u00f6ssler A, Bitzer J (2004) Frauengesundheit. Ein Leitfaden f\u00fcr die \u00e4rztliche und psychotherapeutische Praxis. Urban & Fischer, M\u00fcnchen"},{"key":"418_CR3","unstructured":"Fiedler P (2001) Dissoziative St\u00f6rungen und Konversion. Psychologie Verlags Union, Weinheim"},{"key":"418_CR4","first-page":"63","volume":"23","author":"Spitzer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Spitzer C, Freyberger HJ, Kessler C (1996) Hysterie, Dissoziation und Konversion. Eine \u00dcbersicht zu Konzepten, Klassifikation und diagnostischen Erhebungsinstrumenten. Psychiatr Prax 23:63\u201368","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"418_CR5","unstructured":"Merskey H (1995) The analysis of hysteria. Understanding conversion and dissociation. Gaskell, London"},{"key":"418_CR6","unstructured":"Platon (1964) Timaios. In: Grassi E (Hrsg) Platon. S\u00e4mtliche Werke nach der \u00dcbersetzung von Friedrich Schleiermacher. Rowohlt, Reinbek"},{"key":"418_CR7","unstructured":"Ellenberger HF (2005) Die Entdeckung des Unbewussten. Diogenes, Z\u00fcrich"},{"key":"418_CR8","unstructured":"Gre\u00df H (1996) \u00dcber die soziale Botschaft der Hysterie. In: Seidler GH (Hrsg) Hysterie heute. Enke, Stuttgart, S 194\u2013210"},{"key":"418_CR9","first-page":"a","volume":"memories","author":"Spanos","year":"1996","unstructured":"Spanos N (1996) Multiple identities and false memories: a sociocognitive perspective. American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Multiple identities and false"},{"key":"418_CR10","first-page":"Die","volume":"Hysterie","author":"Didi-Huberman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Didi-Huberman G (1997) Erfindung der Hysterie: Die photographische Klinik von Jean-Martin Charcot. Fink, M\u00fcnchen","journal-title":"Erfindung der"},{"key":"418_CR11","unstructured":"Krutzenbichler S (2000) Sexueller Missbrauch als Thema der Psychoanalyse von Freud bis zur Gegenwart. In: Egle TU, Hoffmann SO, Joraschky P (Hrsg) Sexueller Missbrauch, Misshandlung, Vernachl\u00e4ssigung. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 115\u2013125"},{"key":"418_CR12","unstructured":"Mentzos S (1986) Hysterie. Fischer, Frankfurt\/Main"},{"key":"418_CR13","unstructured":"Dilling H, Mombour W, Schmidt M (2000) Internationale Klassifikation psychischer St\u00f6rungen: ICD- 10, Kapitel V (F). Klinisch-diagnostische Leitlinien. Huber, Bern"},{"key":"418_CR14","unstructured":"Sa\u00df H, Wittchen HU, Zaudig M (1996) Diagnostisches und statistisches Manual psychischer St\u00f6rungen DSM-IV. Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen"},{"key":"418_CR15","first-page":"34","volume":"1","author":"Spitzer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spitzer C, Barnow S, Grabe HJ, Freyberger HJ (2007) Pathologische Dissoziation \u2013 ein sinnvolles Konzept? Trauma Gewalt 1:34\u201344","journal-title":"Trauma Gewalt"},{"key":"418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000070360","volume":"36","author":"Spitzer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spitzer C, Klauer T, Grabe HJ, et al. (2003) Gender differences in dissociation. A dimensional approach. Psychopathology 36:65\u201370","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(96)00006-2","volume":"16","author":"Van Ijzendoorn","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Ijzendoorn MH, Schuengel C (1996) The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experience Scale. Clin Psychol Rev 16:365\u2013382","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"418_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199611000-00004","volume":"184","author":"Putnam","year":"1996","unstructured":"Putnam FW, Carlson EB, Ross CA, et al. (1996) Patterns of dissociation in clinical and nonclinical samples. J Nerv Ment Dis 184:673\u2013679","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"418_CR19","first-page":"16","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Carlson EB, Putnam FW (1993) An update on the dissociative experience scale. Dissociation 6:16\u201327","journal-title":"Dissociation"},{"key":"418_CR20","unstructured":"Spitzer C (2004) Psychometrische Diagnostik dissoziativer Symptome und St\u00f6rungen. In: Eckhardt-Henn A, Hoffmann SO (Hrsg) Dissoziative Bewusstseinsst\u00f6rungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 311\u2013320"},{"key":"418_CR21","unstructured":"Spitzer C, Stieglitz RD, Freyberger HJ (2005) Fragebogen zu dissoziativen Symptomen (FDS). Testmanual zur Kurz- und Langform (FDS-20 und FDS). Huber, Bern"},{"key":"418_CR22","unstructured":"Hoffmann SO (2004) Die Dissoziative Fugue. In: Eckhardt-Henn A, Hoffmann SO (Hrsg) Dissoziative Bewusstseinsst\u00f6rungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 144\u2013152"},{"key":"418_CR23","unstructured":"Spitzer C (2004) Der dissoziative Stupor. In: Eckhardt-Henn A, Hoffmann SO (Hrsg) Dissoziative Bewusstseinsst\u00f6rungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 144\u2013152"},{"key":"418_CR24","unstructured":"Dammann G (2004) Das Ganser-Syndrom. In: Eckhardt- Henn A, Hoffmann SO (Hrsg) Dissoziative Bewusstseinsst\u00f6rungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 188\u2013194"},{"key":"418_CR25","unstructured":"Dammann G (2004) Besessenheits- und Trancezust\u00e4nde. In: Eckhardt-Henn A, Hoffmann SO (Hrsg) Dissoziative Bewusstseinsst\u00f6rungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 161\u2013174"},{"key":"418_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(03)00038-4","volume":"26","author":"Spitzer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spitzer C, Liss H, Dudeck M, et al. (2003) Dissociative experiences and disorders in forensic inpatients. Int J Law Psychiatry 26:281\u2013288","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"key":"418_CR27","unstructured":"Gast U (2004) Die dissoziative Identit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rung. In: Eckhardt-Henn A, Hoffmann SO (Hrsg) Dissoziative Bewusstseinsst\u00f6rungen. Schattauer, Stuttgart, S 195\u2013225"},{"key":"418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluft RP (1996) Dissociative identity disorder. In: Michelson LK, Ray WJ (eds) Handbook of dissociation. Plenum Press, New York, pp 337\u2013366","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0310-5_16"},{"key":"418_CR29","unstructured":"Gast U, Oswald T, Z\u00fcndorf F, Hofmann A (2000) Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview f\u00fcr DSM-IV Dissoziative St\u00f6rungen (SKID-D). Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen"},{"key":"418_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200104000-00007","volume":"189","author":"Gast","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gast U, Rodewald F, Nickel V, Emrich HM (2001) Prevalence of dissociative disorders among psychiatric inpatients in a German university clinic. J Nerv Ment Dis 189:249\u2013257","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00121-0","volume":"77","author":"Lucht","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lucht M, Schaub RT, Meyer C, et al. (2003) Gender differences in unipolar depression: a general population survey of adults between age 18 to 64 of German nationality. J Affect Disord 77:203\u2013211","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"418_CR32","first-page":"16","volume":"62","author":"Breslau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breslau N (2001) The epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: what is the extent of the problem? J Clin Psychiatry 62:16\u201322","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"418_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.626","volume":"55","author":"Breslau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, et al. (1998) Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:626\u2013632","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"418_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90026-4","volume":"18","author":"Finkelhor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Finkelhor D (1994) The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl 18:409\u2013417","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"418_CR35","unstructured":"Bundeskriminalamt (2005) Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Berichtsjahr 2005. Eigenverlag, Wiesbaden"},{"key":"418_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.6.806","volume":"155","author":"Mulder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mulder RT, Beautrais AL, Joyce PR, Fergusson DM (1998) Relationship between dissociation, childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, and mental illness in a general population sample. Am J Psychiatry 155:806\u2013811","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"418_CR37","unstructured":"Huber M (1995) Multiple Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten. \u00dcberlebende extremer Gewalt. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main"},{"key":"418_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0711","volume":"65","author":"Grant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, et al. (2004) Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 65:948\u2013958","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"418_CR39","first-page":"128","volume":"3","author":"Freyberger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Freyberger HJ, Spitzer C (2005) Zur Wahrnehmbarkeit dissoziativer Ph\u00e4nomene in der Psychotherapie. Psychodynam Psychother 3:128\u2013135","journal-title":"Psychodynam Psychother"},{"key":"418_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1159\/000259103","volume":"2","author":"Freyberger","year":"1996","unstructured":"Freyberger HJ, Drescher A, Dierse B, Spitzer C (1996) Psychotherapeutic outcome among inpatients with neurotic and personality disorders with and without benzodiazepine dependence syndrome. Eur Addiction Res 2:53\u201361","journal-title":"Eur Addiction Res"}],"container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-008-0418-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00103-008-0418-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-008-0418-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T08:44:17Z","timestamp":1737794657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00103-008-0418-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-008-0418-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-9990","1437-1588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-9990","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}}}