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Bisher wurden mehr als 200 HPV-Typen entdeckt, von denen aktuell 12 als Hochrisiko f\u00fcr das Zervixkarzinom klassifiziert werden. HPV-Typen, die den Anogenitaltrakt befallen, werden sexuell \u00fcbertragen. Seit 2006 sind prophylaktische HPV-Impfstoffe erh\u00e4ltlich. Die Impfung soll vor dem ersten sexuellen Kontakt erfolgen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>HPV infizieren Epithelzellen und sind die h\u00e4ufigsten sexuell \u00fcbertragenen Viren weltweit. Neben dem Zervixkarzinom verursachen HPV auch andere anogenitale Tumore, wie Vulva\u2011, Vagina- und Analkarzinom, aber auch Oropharynxkarzinome. Vor allem die Hochrisiko-HPV-Typen\u00a016 und 18 werden hier gefunden. Des Weiteren sind die HPV-Typen\u00a06 und 11 urs\u00e4chlich f\u00fcr die Entstehung von genitalen Warzen. Aber auch harmlose Hautwarzen werden von HPV verursacht.<\/jats:p><jats:p>HPV-Impfstoffe sind sicher und hochwirksam, wenn vor der Impfung noch keine HPV-Infektion vorliegt. Systematische Reviews und Metaanalysen haben gezeigt, dass die HPV-Impfung eine HPV-Infektion, aber auch pr\u00e4kanzer\u00f6se L\u00e4sionen im Anogenitaltrakt und Genitalwarzen wirksam verhindert. Mittlerweile liegen erste direkte Hinweise vor, dass die HPV-Impfung die Inzidenz des Zervixkarzinoms reduziert.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Die Impfquoten variieren weltweit je nach Impfprogramm und Akzeptanz des HPV-Impfstoffs in der Bev\u00f6lkerung. Deutschland hat im Vergleich zu anderen europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern niedrige Impfquoten. Die St\u00e4ndige Impfkommission (STIKO) empfiehlt die HPV-Impfung in Deutschland f\u00fcr alle M\u00e4dchen und Jungen im Alter von 9 bis 14\u00a0Jahren. Im Jahr 2018 waren nur die H\u00e4lfte aller 18-j\u00e4hrigen M\u00e4dchen in Deutschland vollst\u00e4ndig gegen HPV geimpft.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Organisierte Impfprogramme, bev\u00f6lkerungsbezogen oder schulbasiert, sind notwendig, um hohe Impfquoten zu erreichen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03316-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T19:08:51Z","timestamp":1618340931000},"page":"590-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["HPV-Impfung zur Pr\u00e4vention von\u00a0Genitalwarzen und Krebsvorstufen\u00a0\u2013 Evidenzlage und Bewertung","HPV vaccination and the prevention of genital warts and precancerous lesions\u2014current evidence and evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Osmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie J.","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"3316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4898","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.63.11.4898-4903.1989","volume":"63","author":"EM de Villiers","year":"1989","unstructured":"de Villiers\u00a0EM (1989) Heterogeneity of the human papillomavirus group. 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