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Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine \u00dcbersicht zu deren Ursachen, H\u00e4ufigkeit und Folgen. Er zeigt die pr\u00e4ventiven und kurativen M\u00f6glichkeiten kieferorthop\u00e4discher Behandlungen auf und gibt Informationen zu deren rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland. Inanspruchnahme und Qualit\u00e4t der kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Versorgung werden im internationalen Vergleich dargestellt.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Bei den Ursachen f\u00fcr Zahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen spielen genetische, epigenetische, funktionelle und umweltbedingte Faktoren eine Rolle, die individuell meist nicht eindeutig feststellbar sind. Bisher zeigen nur kleinere Querschnittsstudien, dass bis zu 80\u202f% der Kinder in Deutschland betroffen sind. Essen, Trinken, Kauen, Sprechen und Atmen k\u00f6nnen beeintr\u00e4chtigt sein, die Neigung zu Parodontalerkrankungen sowie \u00dcberlastungssch\u00e4den von Kiefergelenk und Kaumuskulatur sind erh\u00f6ht. Bei einer Proklination der oberen Schneidez\u00e4hne steigt die Gefahr von Frontzahntraumata. Fehlstellungen k\u00f6nnen zudem negative psychosoziale Folgen oder Einschr\u00e4nkungen der Lebensqualit\u00e4t zur Folge haben. Kieferorthop\u00e4dische Behandlungen leisten in Kooperation mit anderen (zahn-)medizinischen Fachdisziplinen einen wichtigen pr\u00e4ventiven bzw. kurativen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Mundgesundheit, der Allgemeingesundheit und der Lebensqualit\u00e4t.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Die Kieferorthop\u00e4die bietet ein erhebliches Potenzial f\u00fcr die St\u00e4rkung der zahn\u00e4rztlichen Pr\u00e4vention im Gesundheitswesen, zumal die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung (GKV) eine breitfl\u00e4chige Versorgung der Bev\u00f6lkerung mit kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Leistungen auf international anerkanntem, hohem Niveau erm\u00f6glicht. Um die Pr\u00e4vention weiter zu verbessern, wird die Einf\u00fchrung eines kieferorthop\u00e4dischen Screenings im 7.\u20138. Lebensjahr als systematische Vorsorge empfohlen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03372-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T10:03:12Z","timestamp":1625738592000},"page":"918-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Zahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen\u00a0\u2013 gesundheitliche Relevanz und Behandlung","Health relevance of malocclusions and their treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Sabine","family":"Ruf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Proff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Lisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3372_CR1","first-page":"644","volume":"83","author":"A Sheiham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sheiham\u00a0A (2005) Oral health, general health and quality of life. 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